Pharmacology Exam Questions
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**0 order kinetic drugs - ANSWER-*Phenytoin, *salicylate, *ETOH,
theophylline
**Clearance - ANSWER-Elimination of drug divided by the
concentration of the drug in the plasma.
**Elimination - ANSWER-Two routes: through the kidney (urine) and
GI (bile, feces)
**First pass effect - ANSWER-Liver encounters drug before it enters
the system. Enteral drugs...intestine to portal circulation (SI to liver)
...hepatic portal vein...central vein...hepatic vein...IVC...heart...body
**If a patient has kidney disease you would - ANSWER-Decrease your
maintenance dose; loading dose stays the same (doesn't affect
clearance)
, **IV route dosing (parenteral) - ANSWER-Goes directly to the body.
Results in 100% bioavailability. Decreasing first pass effect, decreasing
absorption limitations, extractions...
By passes absorption and extraction.
0 order kinetics - ANSWER-Constant elimination at a certain rate
1/2 life (T 1/2) - ANSWER-Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug
0.693 X Vd divided by clearance
1st order kinetics - ANSWER-**Dependent on drug concentration.
More drug = more elimination
5 T1/2 - ANSWER-To get rid of drug in the body
Absorption - ANSWER-Enteral route involves the GI system (oral)
Parenteral route = IV, IM
Transdermal = through the skin
Respiratory = droplet, inhalation
Additional properties of and ideal drug - ANSWER-Reversible action,
predictability, ease of admin, freedom from drug interactions, low
cost, chemical stability, simple generic name
Bioavailability - ANSWER-How much drug makes it into the system.
Must account for absorption and extraction.
Clearance is affected by - ANSWER-Kidney function
Clinical pharmacology - ANSWER-Study of drugs in humans
Complete nursing diagnosis - ANSWER-A statement of the pt's actual
or potential health problem, a statement of the problem's probable