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Acute otitis media - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the eustachian tube
causing fluid accumulation in the middle ear, bacterial proliferation
causing infection, inflammation and pain
ADHD - ANSWER-· considered neurobehavioral disorders
· DX: six or more symptoms of inattention, such as failing to give close
attention to details in schoolwork or other activities; difficulty
completing tasks or playing; difficulty listening or easily distractible by
other events
· To meet hyperactivity criteria: the child must also exhibit 6 or more
hyperactivity-impulsivity sx: fidgeting or squirming, frequently leaves
seat when sitting is required, runs about or climbs excessively, talks
excessively, difficulty playing quietly, blurts out answers, cannot wait
his or her turn or interrupts
· SX must be present in more than one setting; some sx present before
age 7 and show significant effect on social/academic functioning
,Anemia of prematurity - ANSWER--Untimely birth occurring before
placental iron transport and fetal erythropoiesis are complete
-RBC transfusion is the mainstay of therapy
AOM S/S - ANSWER-Acute onset, middle ear inflammation with
erythema, otalgia, bulging or opacified TM w/ decreased mobility,
absent cone of light
AOM TX - ANSWER-Amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day Q12H, x10d. If
allergy to PCN - Cefdinir, Cefixime or Cefuroxime
AOM VS OME - ANSWER-Acute otitis media represents an infected
middle ear
Otitis media with effusion represents fluid in the middle ear without
s/s of infection
Assessment and Tx: Bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER--Often
unilateral, most often caused by h. influenzae; most common in
winder and in toddlers/preschoolers
-Erythema of one or both eyes, yellow-green purulent discharge,
itching/feeling of a foreign body in the eye
-Cipro eye drops
Assessment and Tx: blepharitis - ANSWER--Acute or chronic
inflammation of eyelash follicles or meibomian sebaceous glands,
usually bilateral
-s/s: swelling, erythema, scaly debris, burning, conjunctival injection
-scrub eyelashes, warm compress and eyelid massage 2-4x/day,
bacitracin/erythromycin ophthalmic ointment daily @ bedtime
, Assessment and Tx: Cafe au lait spot - ANSWER--Tan to light brown
macules found anywhere on the skin; oval or irregular shape; increase
in number with age
-If more than 6 spots, must rule out neurofibromatosis
Assessment and Tx: Chondromalacia patella - ANSWER--Softening and
subsequent tearing, fissuring, and erosion of hyaline cartilage of the
knee
-Also called patellofemoral syndrome or runner's knee
-TX: Patella stabilizing, PT to strengthen quads, orthotics to decrease
pronation, and NSAIDS
Assessment and Tx: Corneal ulcer - ANSWER--Well-defined infiltration
at the center/edge of cornea that subsequently forms an ulcer that
may penetrate deep into the corneal tissue or spread to involve the
width of the cornea. Involvement is usually unilateral
-Caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
-TX: immediately refer for slit-lamp examination; delay can result in
loss of vision in the eye. Prognosis is good when appropriately treated
Assessment and Tx: Hemangioma - ANSWER--Superficial (strawberry)
hemangiomas are found in the upper dermis of the skin and account
for the majority of hemangiomas
-Deep cavernous hemangiomas are found in the subcutaneous and
hypodermal layers of the skin with a blue tinge to their appearance;
with pressure, there is blanching and a feeling of a soft, compressible
tumor