Huether Mccance Pathophysiology Exam A+ Grade Assured Complete Solutions And Verified Answers

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ms




Exam Solution ms




McCance Pathophysiology Ch. 11 Stress & Disease 202 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms




6 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VER
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IFIED ANSWERS (A317A) ms ms




QUESTION 1 ms




Exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptation synd
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rome is not successful?
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a. Flight or fight
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b. Alarm
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c. Adaptation
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d. Arousal
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ANSWER

ANS: C Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and adaptation is not successful, ultimately causing imp
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airment of the immune response, heart failure, and kidney failure, leading to death. The other stages
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occur before the adaptation stage.
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QUESTION 2 ms




Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome
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(GAS)?
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a. Adrenal cortex
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b. Hypothalamus
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c. Anterior pituitary
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d. Limbic system
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ANSWER

ANS: B The alarm phase of the GAS begins when a stressor triggers the actions of the hypothalamus
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and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The other organs are not stimulated by the alarm phase
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of GAS
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QUESTION 3 ms

, During an anticipatory response to stress, what is the reaction from the limbic system
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stimulated by?
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a. The retronucleus of the anterior pituitary
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b. The anterior nucleus of the hippocampus
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c. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
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d. The prefrontal nucleus of the amygdala
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ANSWER

ANS: C The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus must be stimulated to cause the lim
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bic system to be stimulated. The other areas are not involved in the stimulation of the limbic syste
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m.



QUESTION 4 ms




Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress resp
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onse?
a. Norepinephrine
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b. Epinephrine
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c. Cortisol
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d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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ANSWER

ANS: A The release of norepinephrine promotes arousal, increased vigilance, increased anxiety, and o
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ther protective emotional responses. Epinephrine's effects are primarily on the cardiovascular system
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. Cortisol's chief effects involve metabolic processes. By inhibiting the use of metabolic substances w
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hile promoting their formation, cortisol mobilizes glucose, amino acids, lipids, and fatty acids and del
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ivers them to the bloodstream. ACTH binds with specific receptors on the adrenal glands which caus
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es the release of the glucocorticoids.
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QUESTION 5 ms




Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
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a. Prefrontal cortex
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b. Anterior pituitary
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c. Limbic system
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d. Hypothalamus
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ANSWER

ANS: C The perception of stress initiates a series of events in the central and peripheral nervous sys
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tems. In the brain, stress elicits an anticipatory response that activates the limbic system; the brain
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area is responsible for motivation, emotions, and cognition.
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QUESTION 6 ms