MGMT 335 Exam 3 Questions With
Complete Answers
What is perception? - ANSWER the process by which individuals connect to their
environment
What are the decision making traps (i.e. cognitive biases) that we must avoid to
make good decisions? - ANSWER - confirmation bias
- escalation of commitment
- anchoring effect
- framing bias
What is the ladder of inference? - ANSWER - take actions
- draw conclusions
- add meaning
- select data
- obserable data
What are ethics? How are morals and ethics the same or different? - ANSWER
broadly applied social standards for what is right or wrong in a particular
situation, or a process for setting those standards
morals are individual and personal beliefs from what is right and wrong
How is it that good people can do bad things? - ANSWER person factors *
situational factors
= ethical/unethical behavior
Understand Utilitarianism and Universalism - ANSWER utilitarianism (end-
results ethics)
- the rightness of an action is determined by evaluating its projected/expected
consequences
universalism (process/duty ethics)
- determine rightness or wrongness before outcomes
What are the steps in standard model of problem solving? - ANSWER 1) define
the problem
2) generate alternative solutions
3) evaluate and select an alternative
, 4) implement and follow up on the solution
What are the steps in NIU's Ethical Decision Making Guide? - ANSWER 1)
determine the facts and state the problem
2) who will be affected by the decision?
3) identify relevant factors
4) develop a list of 3-5 options
5) test options
6) make a tentative choice
7) review choice
What is organizational culture and how does it influence individual and group
behavior? - ANSWER organizational culture
- the shared assumptions of organizational memebers and the shared history
that created the assumption that guide behavior
provides a sesne of identity and encourages commitment
helps individuals make sense of organizational events
reinforces organizational values
guides and shapes individual behavior
What are the levels of culture? - ANSWER
What are the characteristics of organizational culture? - ANSWER innovation
and risk taking
- degree organization is flexible, adaptable, and experiments with new ideas
attention to detail
- degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision/analysis
outcome orientation
- degree management focuses on results and achievement of goals
people orientation
- degree organization values fairness, supportiveness, and respecting individual
rights
team orientation
- degree organization emphasizes cooperation and collaboration among
employees
aggressiveness
Complete Answers
What is perception? - ANSWER the process by which individuals connect to their
environment
What are the decision making traps (i.e. cognitive biases) that we must avoid to
make good decisions? - ANSWER - confirmation bias
- escalation of commitment
- anchoring effect
- framing bias
What is the ladder of inference? - ANSWER - take actions
- draw conclusions
- add meaning
- select data
- obserable data
What are ethics? How are morals and ethics the same or different? - ANSWER
broadly applied social standards for what is right or wrong in a particular
situation, or a process for setting those standards
morals are individual and personal beliefs from what is right and wrong
How is it that good people can do bad things? - ANSWER person factors *
situational factors
= ethical/unethical behavior
Understand Utilitarianism and Universalism - ANSWER utilitarianism (end-
results ethics)
- the rightness of an action is determined by evaluating its projected/expected
consequences
universalism (process/duty ethics)
- determine rightness or wrongness before outcomes
What are the steps in standard model of problem solving? - ANSWER 1) define
the problem
2) generate alternative solutions
3) evaluate and select an alternative
, 4) implement and follow up on the solution
What are the steps in NIU's Ethical Decision Making Guide? - ANSWER 1)
determine the facts and state the problem
2) who will be affected by the decision?
3) identify relevant factors
4) develop a list of 3-5 options
5) test options
6) make a tentative choice
7) review choice
What is organizational culture and how does it influence individual and group
behavior? - ANSWER organizational culture
- the shared assumptions of organizational memebers and the shared history
that created the assumption that guide behavior
provides a sesne of identity and encourages commitment
helps individuals make sense of organizational events
reinforces organizational values
guides and shapes individual behavior
What are the levels of culture? - ANSWER
What are the characteristics of organizational culture? - ANSWER innovation
and risk taking
- degree organization is flexible, adaptable, and experiments with new ideas
attention to detail
- degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision/analysis
outcome orientation
- degree management focuses on results and achievement of goals
people orientation
- degree organization values fairness, supportiveness, and respecting individual
rights
team orientation
- degree organization emphasizes cooperation and collaboration among
employees
aggressiveness
