ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FINAL PAPER
EXAM 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are common indicators of AKI? Answer: A rise in serum
creatinine, reduction in urine output, and elevated serum BUN and
potassium.
●● What are the common causes of AKI? Answer: Severe
hypotension/hypovolemia or exposure to nephrotoxic agents.
●● Is AKI reversible? Answer: Yes, AKI is potentially reversible, but the
mortality rate is high.
●● What percentage of AKI cases are due to pre-renal causes? Answer:
55-60% of all cases.
●● What is pre-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from impaired
blood flow to the kidneys, causing hypo-perfusion and decreased GFR.
●● What are some causes of volume depletion leading to pre-renal
failure? Answer: Hemorrhage and gastrointestinal losses.
, ●● What is intra-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from damage to
the glomeruli or tubules, often due to prolonged ischemia or
nephrotoxins.
●● What are common causes of intra-renal failure? Answer: Burns,
crush injuries, nephrotoxic drugs, and infectious processes.
●● What is the most common intra-renal cause of AKI? Answer: Acute
tubular necrosis (ATN).
●● What is post-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from an
obstruction distal to the kidney, leading to urine reflux and increased
renal pressure.
●● What are some common causes of post-renal failure? Answer:
Prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, calculi, and trauma.
●● What characterizes the initiation phase of acute tubular necrosis
(ATN)? Answer: An increase in serum creatinine and BUN, along with a
decrease in urine output.
●● What occurs during the maintenance phase of ATN? Answer:
Oliguria, fluid volume excess, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte
imbalances.
EXAM 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are common indicators of AKI? Answer: A rise in serum
creatinine, reduction in urine output, and elevated serum BUN and
potassium.
●● What are the common causes of AKI? Answer: Severe
hypotension/hypovolemia or exposure to nephrotoxic agents.
●● Is AKI reversible? Answer: Yes, AKI is potentially reversible, but the
mortality rate is high.
●● What percentage of AKI cases are due to pre-renal causes? Answer:
55-60% of all cases.
●● What is pre-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from impaired
blood flow to the kidneys, causing hypo-perfusion and decreased GFR.
●● What are some causes of volume depletion leading to pre-renal
failure? Answer: Hemorrhage and gastrointestinal losses.
, ●● What is intra-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from damage to
the glomeruli or tubules, often due to prolonged ischemia or
nephrotoxins.
●● What are common causes of intra-renal failure? Answer: Burns,
crush injuries, nephrotoxic drugs, and infectious processes.
●● What is the most common intra-renal cause of AKI? Answer: Acute
tubular necrosis (ATN).
●● What is post-renal failure? Answer: Failure resulting from an
obstruction distal to the kidney, leading to urine reflux and increased
renal pressure.
●● What are some common causes of post-renal failure? Answer:
Prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, calculi, and trauma.
●● What characterizes the initiation phase of acute tubular necrosis
(ATN)? Answer: An increase in serum creatinine and BUN, along with a
decrease in urine output.
●● What occurs during the maintenance phase of ATN? Answer:
Oliguria, fluid volume excess, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte
imbalances.
