ABO ADVANCED FORMULAS
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Who discovered the ABO blood groups?.
Answer: Karl Landsteiner in 1901
◍ What is the most important blood group system?.
Answer: The ABO system
◍ What happens if a patient receives the wrong blood type?.
Answer: It can cause immediate hemolysis of the recipient's cells.
◍ What antibodies does blood type A produce?.
Answer: Anti-B antibodies
◍ causes of missing/weak AG.
Answer: -weak A or B subgroup-loss of transferase (acute
leukemia)-massive transfusion of grp O blood-bone marrow transplant
◍ What antibodies does blood type B produce?.
Answer: Anti-A antibodies
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 1.
Answer: incubate front type at RT or lower for at least 15 min
◍ What antibodies does blood type O produce?.
Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
◍ What antibodies does blood type AB produce?.
Answer: No antibodies against A or B antigens
, ◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 2.
Answer: use anti-A,B
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 3.
Answer: obtain recent transfusion history and/or bone marrow transplant
history
◍ What is the universal donor blood type?.
Answer: Type O
◍ What is the universal recipient blood type?.
Answer: Type AB
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 4.
Answer: specialized tests like adsorption/elution techniques or secretor
studies
◍ What are the two types of blood grouping methods?.
Answer: Forward grouping and reverse grouping
◍ causes of missing/weak ABs.
Answer: -age (elderly or newborn)-immune def-bone marrow
transplant-chemo or radiation
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 1.
Answer: add more serum (4 drops total)
◍ What is forward grouping?.
Answer: Detection of A & B antigens on red cells using known antibodies.
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 2.
Answer: incubate longer at RT (15-60 min)
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 3.
Answer: test at colder temps
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 4.
Answer: start with dry cell button for commercial cells if serum is limited
◍ causes of extra AGs.
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Who discovered the ABO blood groups?.
Answer: Karl Landsteiner in 1901
◍ What is the most important blood group system?.
Answer: The ABO system
◍ What happens if a patient receives the wrong blood type?.
Answer: It can cause immediate hemolysis of the recipient's cells.
◍ What antibodies does blood type A produce?.
Answer: Anti-B antibodies
◍ causes of missing/weak AG.
Answer: -weak A or B subgroup-loss of transferase (acute
leukemia)-massive transfusion of grp O blood-bone marrow transplant
◍ What antibodies does blood type B produce?.
Answer: Anti-A antibodies
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 1.
Answer: incubate front type at RT or lower for at least 15 min
◍ What antibodies does blood type O produce?.
Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
◍ What antibodies does blood type AB produce?.
Answer: No antibodies against A or B antigens
, ◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 2.
Answer: use anti-A,B
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 3.
Answer: obtain recent transfusion history and/or bone marrow transplant
history
◍ What is the universal donor blood type?.
Answer: Type O
◍ What is the universal recipient blood type?.
Answer: Type AB
◍ missing/weak AG resolution step 4.
Answer: specialized tests like adsorption/elution techniques or secretor
studies
◍ What are the two types of blood grouping methods?.
Answer: Forward grouping and reverse grouping
◍ causes of missing/weak ABs.
Answer: -age (elderly or newborn)-immune def-bone marrow
transplant-chemo or radiation
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 1.
Answer: add more serum (4 drops total)
◍ What is forward grouping?.
Answer: Detection of A & B antigens on red cells using known antibodies.
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 2.
Answer: incubate longer at RT (15-60 min)
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 3.
Answer: test at colder temps
◍ missing/weak AB resolution step 4.
Answer: start with dry cell button for commercial cells if serum is limited
◍ causes of extra AGs.
