1807NRS EOT PASSED FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ what is perception. Answer: the point at which a person is
concsciously aware of pain
◉ what is modulation. Answer: inhibition or facilitation of afferent
input, which can also occur anywhere along nociceptive pathways
◉ waht is the gate control theory of pain. Answer: asserts that non-
painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which
prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous
system.
◉ what are the factors that influence pain. Answer: age, gender,
culture, meaning of pain, attention, anxiety, fatigue, previous
experience, coping style, family and social support
◉ what is PQRSTU. Answer: provoking/palliative factors, quality,
region/radiation, severity, time of onset/duration, patients
understanding
,◉ what is the role of the nurse in pain assessment and management.
Answer: observation, questioning techniques, active listening,
measurement and interpretation
◉ what are some interventions for pain management. Answer:
relieving factors, maintaining existing and physical psychosocial
function, maintaining the ability to perform self-care, using pain
relief measures safely
◉ what are some non-pharmalogical interventions. Answer:
acupressure, relaxation, distraction, music, biofeedback, self-
hypnosis, cutaneous stimulation, TENS, hot/cold packs
◉ what are the types of wounds (4). Answer: traumatic, thermal,
Iatrogenic and disease
◉ what are some age associated changes in the skin. Answer:
decreased sensory perception, increased dryness, thinner and less
elastic, decreased absorption of Vit D, reduction in immune
response, decrease in thermoregulation, hormonal changes, less
subcutaneous tissue, hair colour
◉ what does wound classification systems describe. Answer: skin
integrity, cause of wound, severity, cleanliness, descriptive quality
, ◉ what are the 4 phases of wound healing. Answer: haemostasis,
inflammation, proliferation or reconstruction, maturation or
remodelling of scar tissue
◉ what are some modes of wound healing. Answer: primary
intention (healing of a clean wound w/o tissue loss), delayed
primary intention (dirty), secondary intention (tissue loss), skin
graftin, flap
◉ what are 3 complications of wound healing. Answer: dehiscence -
separation of layers. haemorrhage, evisceration - med emergencies,
hypertrophic scars, keloid scars, contractures
◉ what are some factors that affect wound healing. Answer:
comorbidities, nutrition and hydration, medications, age, obesity,
psychological state, decreased blood supplu, infection, foreign
bodies, pressure, friction, shear, temperature, exudate and moisture,
loss of senstation, smoking
◉ how are acute surgical wounds managed. Answer: primary
intention healing, wound edge approximated using, covered by
dressing 24-48 hours, healing ridge, sutures removed 7-10 days post
op, may need draining
◉ what is a skin tear wound. Answer: result of friction, or shearing
and friction, separates the epidermis from the dermis, or both from
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ what is perception. Answer: the point at which a person is
concsciously aware of pain
◉ what is modulation. Answer: inhibition or facilitation of afferent
input, which can also occur anywhere along nociceptive pathways
◉ waht is the gate control theory of pain. Answer: asserts that non-
painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which
prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous
system.
◉ what are the factors that influence pain. Answer: age, gender,
culture, meaning of pain, attention, anxiety, fatigue, previous
experience, coping style, family and social support
◉ what is PQRSTU. Answer: provoking/palliative factors, quality,
region/radiation, severity, time of onset/duration, patients
understanding
,◉ what is the role of the nurse in pain assessment and management.
Answer: observation, questioning techniques, active listening,
measurement and interpretation
◉ what are some interventions for pain management. Answer:
relieving factors, maintaining existing and physical psychosocial
function, maintaining the ability to perform self-care, using pain
relief measures safely
◉ what are some non-pharmalogical interventions. Answer:
acupressure, relaxation, distraction, music, biofeedback, self-
hypnosis, cutaneous stimulation, TENS, hot/cold packs
◉ what are the types of wounds (4). Answer: traumatic, thermal,
Iatrogenic and disease
◉ what are some age associated changes in the skin. Answer:
decreased sensory perception, increased dryness, thinner and less
elastic, decreased absorption of Vit D, reduction in immune
response, decrease in thermoregulation, hormonal changes, less
subcutaneous tissue, hair colour
◉ what does wound classification systems describe. Answer: skin
integrity, cause of wound, severity, cleanliness, descriptive quality
, ◉ what are the 4 phases of wound healing. Answer: haemostasis,
inflammation, proliferation or reconstruction, maturation or
remodelling of scar tissue
◉ what are some modes of wound healing. Answer: primary
intention (healing of a clean wound w/o tissue loss), delayed
primary intention (dirty), secondary intention (tissue loss), skin
graftin, flap
◉ what are 3 complications of wound healing. Answer: dehiscence -
separation of layers. haemorrhage, evisceration - med emergencies,
hypertrophic scars, keloid scars, contractures
◉ what are some factors that affect wound healing. Answer:
comorbidities, nutrition and hydration, medications, age, obesity,
psychological state, decreased blood supplu, infection, foreign
bodies, pressure, friction, shear, temperature, exudate and moisture,
loss of senstation, smoking
◉ how are acute surgical wounds managed. Answer: primary
intention healing, wound edge approximated using, covered by
dressing 24-48 hours, healing ridge, sutures removed 7-10 days post
op, may need draining
◉ what is a skin tear wound. Answer: result of friction, or shearing
and friction, separates the epidermis from the dermis, or both from
