1807NRS EOT ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What is the block signal system called in which the use of each block is
governed by an automatic block signal, cab signal or both?.
Answer: Automatic Block Signal System (ABS) [NORAC p.1]
◍ what makes a medication order legal and valid.
Answer: name of patient, date, drug, dose, frquency of administration, route,
signaturem contact for prescriber
◍ What is the term for an uncoupled engine (or engines) or the leading portion
of a train that is directed back toward the remaining stationary portion of the
same train?.
Answer: Return Movement [NORAC p.6]
◍ What type of signal is used to govern the approach to a home signal?.
Answer: Distant Signal [NORAC p.3]
◍ The signal that governs the entrance to an interlocking is called what?.
Answer: Home Signal [NORAC p.4]
◍ What is the name of a track that is designated by timetable upon which
movements are authorized by ABS, DCS or interlocking rules?.
Answer: Main Track [NORAC p.5]
◍ what is the swiss cheese model.
Answer: systems have multiple layers that should remain intact - active and
latent conditions
◍ What publication is used to inform employees of information affecting the
movement of trains?.
, Answer: Bulletin Order (BO) [NORAC p.1]
◍ what are the 4 clinical trial phases and stages on how medicines are
approved.
Answer: PHASE 0 HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: assess pharmacokinetics
- does it behave as expected, microdosing 10-15 healthy volunteers. PHASE
1: HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: safety and tolerance - work out doses,
10-100 heatlhy volunteers or volun. w target illness. PHASE 2:
THERAPEUTIC EXPLORATORY: efficacy and safety - how well it works
and safety, 100-300 volunteers w targget illness. PHASE 3 THERAPEUTIC
CONFIRMATORY: safety and efficacy or effectiveness - more info on how
well it works and how safe it is, 700-7000 volunteers w illness
◍ What publication is used to summarize changes to the timetable and other
instruction manuals?.
Answer: General Order (GO) [NORAC p.4]
◍ What publication is published periodically which contains instruction and
information that does not affect the movement of trains?.
Answer: Division Notice (DN) [NORAC p.3]
◍ what are the 3 stages in which medicines are approved.
Answer: 1. Approval by TGA: approved for sale if phase 3 meets standards.
2. PBS subsidy: approved if it is as good or better than other meds w same
effect and acceptable price. 3. Clinical Phase: post marketing surveillance or
resolution of treatment uncertanties, safety monitory
◍ What is the Stop Release function?.
Answer: An operation of the PTC system which allows equipment to be
released from a positive stop. [NORAC p.7]
◍ what is the generic name.
Answer: shortened chemical compound name
◍ what is the brand name.
Answer: given by drug company - panadol
,◍ What is a Positive Train Control System (PTC)?.
Answer: An electronic train control system which enforces Normal Speed,
Temporary Speed Restrictions, Stop Signals, or other conditions requiring a
train stop. [NORAC p.6]
◍ What is a Data Radio?.
Answer: A radio used on PTC equipped trains and fixed sites to send and
receive PTC data updates and information. [NORAC p.2]
◍ What is a Transponder?.
Answer: A device mounted between the rails that transmits location specific
information to trains equipped with on board PTC apparatus. [NORAC p.8]
◍ which schedules apply to medicines are what are they.
Answer: 2: pharmacy medications, 3: pharmacy only. 4: prescription only. 8:
controlled drug
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 15MPH?.
Answer: Slow Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ what do schedules do.
Answer: tells us how the public and healthcare professionals can access
medications
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 30MPH?.
Answer: Medium Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ what is the first pass effect.
Answer: some drugs may be extensively metabolised before reaching body
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 45MPH for passenger trains and
40MPH for freight trains?.
Answer: Limited Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ What is the term used for Maximum Authorized Speed?.
Answer: Normal Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ What is the fouling point?.
Answer: The point on a track beyond which equipment will foul an adjacent
, track. Fouling points will not safely accommodate a person riding the side of
a car. [NORAC p.4]
◍ what is the bioavailability of SC, IM and IV.
Answer: 1 = 100%
◍ what is the bioavailbaility of oral meds and why.
Answer: less than one because partially metabolised
◍ Whom should an employee consult if in doubt as to the meaning or
application of a rule or special instruction?.
Answer: Employees must be familiar with and obey all rules and special
instructions that relate to their duties. If in doubt as to the meaning or
application of a rule or special instruction, an employee must request an
explanation from the proper authority. [NORAC Rule B, p.9]
◍ What required books must employees maintain and have with them on
duty?.
Answer: The operating rules and timetable, if their duties are affected by
them. The safety rules for their department.The Hazardous Materials
Instructions, if they are involved in the shipment of hazardous materials.The
Air Brake Instructions, if their duties are affected by them. [NORAC Rule
A, p.9]
◍ what is pharmacokinetics.
Answer: what body does to the drug
◍ When must a train crew notify the train dispatcher before the expiration of
their legal on duty period?.
Answer: Train and engine crews must notify the appropriate Train
Dispatcher or other designated supervisor not less than 3 hours before the
expiration of their legal on-duty period, unless scheduled to complete their
assignment before their legal work period expires. [NORAC Rule Q, p.14]
◍ what is pharmacodynamics.
Answer: what drug does to the body
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What is the block signal system called in which the use of each block is
governed by an automatic block signal, cab signal or both?.
Answer: Automatic Block Signal System (ABS) [NORAC p.1]
◍ what makes a medication order legal and valid.
Answer: name of patient, date, drug, dose, frquency of administration, route,
signaturem contact for prescriber
◍ What is the term for an uncoupled engine (or engines) or the leading portion
of a train that is directed back toward the remaining stationary portion of the
same train?.
Answer: Return Movement [NORAC p.6]
◍ What type of signal is used to govern the approach to a home signal?.
Answer: Distant Signal [NORAC p.3]
◍ The signal that governs the entrance to an interlocking is called what?.
Answer: Home Signal [NORAC p.4]
◍ What is the name of a track that is designated by timetable upon which
movements are authorized by ABS, DCS or interlocking rules?.
Answer: Main Track [NORAC p.5]
◍ what is the swiss cheese model.
Answer: systems have multiple layers that should remain intact - active and
latent conditions
◍ What publication is used to inform employees of information affecting the
movement of trains?.
, Answer: Bulletin Order (BO) [NORAC p.1]
◍ what are the 4 clinical trial phases and stages on how medicines are
approved.
Answer: PHASE 0 HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: assess pharmacokinetics
- does it behave as expected, microdosing 10-15 healthy volunteers. PHASE
1: HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY: safety and tolerance - work out doses,
10-100 heatlhy volunteers or volun. w target illness. PHASE 2:
THERAPEUTIC EXPLORATORY: efficacy and safety - how well it works
and safety, 100-300 volunteers w targget illness. PHASE 3 THERAPEUTIC
CONFIRMATORY: safety and efficacy or effectiveness - more info on how
well it works and how safe it is, 700-7000 volunteers w illness
◍ What publication is used to summarize changes to the timetable and other
instruction manuals?.
Answer: General Order (GO) [NORAC p.4]
◍ What publication is published periodically which contains instruction and
information that does not affect the movement of trains?.
Answer: Division Notice (DN) [NORAC p.3]
◍ what are the 3 stages in which medicines are approved.
Answer: 1. Approval by TGA: approved for sale if phase 3 meets standards.
2. PBS subsidy: approved if it is as good or better than other meds w same
effect and acceptable price. 3. Clinical Phase: post marketing surveillance or
resolution of treatment uncertanties, safety monitory
◍ What is the Stop Release function?.
Answer: An operation of the PTC system which allows equipment to be
released from a positive stop. [NORAC p.7]
◍ what is the generic name.
Answer: shortened chemical compound name
◍ what is the brand name.
Answer: given by drug company - panadol
,◍ What is a Positive Train Control System (PTC)?.
Answer: An electronic train control system which enforces Normal Speed,
Temporary Speed Restrictions, Stop Signals, or other conditions requiring a
train stop. [NORAC p.6]
◍ What is a Data Radio?.
Answer: A radio used on PTC equipped trains and fixed sites to send and
receive PTC data updates and information. [NORAC p.2]
◍ What is a Transponder?.
Answer: A device mounted between the rails that transmits location specific
information to trains equipped with on board PTC apparatus. [NORAC p.8]
◍ which schedules apply to medicines are what are they.
Answer: 2: pharmacy medications, 3: pharmacy only. 4: prescription only. 8:
controlled drug
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 15MPH?.
Answer: Slow Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ what do schedules do.
Answer: tells us how the public and healthcare professionals can access
medications
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 30MPH?.
Answer: Medium Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ what is the first pass effect.
Answer: some drugs may be extensively metabolised before reaching body
◍ What is the speed that does not exceed 45MPH for passenger trains and
40MPH for freight trains?.
Answer: Limited Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ What is the term used for Maximum Authorized Speed?.
Answer: Normal Speed [NORAC p.7]
◍ What is the fouling point?.
Answer: The point on a track beyond which equipment will foul an adjacent
, track. Fouling points will not safely accommodate a person riding the side of
a car. [NORAC p.4]
◍ what is the bioavailability of SC, IM and IV.
Answer: 1 = 100%
◍ what is the bioavailbaility of oral meds and why.
Answer: less than one because partially metabolised
◍ Whom should an employee consult if in doubt as to the meaning or
application of a rule or special instruction?.
Answer: Employees must be familiar with and obey all rules and special
instructions that relate to their duties. If in doubt as to the meaning or
application of a rule or special instruction, an employee must request an
explanation from the proper authority. [NORAC Rule B, p.9]
◍ What required books must employees maintain and have with them on
duty?.
Answer: The operating rules and timetable, if their duties are affected by
them. The safety rules for their department.The Hazardous Materials
Instructions, if they are involved in the shipment of hazardous materials.The
Air Brake Instructions, if their duties are affected by them. [NORAC Rule
A, p.9]
◍ what is pharmacokinetics.
Answer: what body does to the drug
◍ When must a train crew notify the train dispatcher before the expiration of
their legal on duty period?.
Answer: Train and engine crews must notify the appropriate Train
Dispatcher or other designated supervisor not less than 3 hours before the
expiration of their legal on-duty period, unless scheduled to complete their
assignment before their legal work period expires. [NORAC Rule Q, p.14]
◍ what is pharmacodynamics.
Answer: what drug does to the body
