lOMoARcPSD|11700591
Analgesic medications/ drugs Opioid Agonist
Opioids analgesic (agonist) for severe pain
An agonist binds to an opioid pain receptor in the brain and causes an analgesic response
— the reduction of pain sensation
Opioid analgesics are very strong pain relievers
Opioids are classified as both mild and strong agonists
Mild agonist is codeine, hydrocodone
strong agonists are morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone
extreme caution is to be used in cases of respiratory insufficiency; conditions involving
elevated intra- cranial pressure (e.g., severe head injury); morbid obesity and/or sleep
apnea; myasthenia gravis; paralytic ileus (bowel paralysis); and pregnancy, especially
with long-term use or high dosages.
Contraindicated in allergy and severe asthma
Allergy to morphine is said but not really because it is just histamine release so know if it
real allergy or not
Teach no CNS depressant (alcohol), do not change dosage without HCP, do not
breastfeed
Side effects N/V, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, sedation or
mental status change, overdose.
Change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
Drug name Classification/ main purpose Miscellaneous
codeine sulfate Opioid agonist Mostly as antitussive
Opiate analgesic; opium drug (relieve cough)
alkaloid Schedule 2 drug
Opioid analgesia Metabolized to
morphine
Purpose: relief cough Increasing the dose
will not increase the
response aka ceiling
effect
Combined with
acetaminophen
becomes schedule 3
drug to treat mild to
moderate pain
Give oral doses with
food to minimize GI
upset
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
meperidine HCl Opioid agonist Meperidine use not
trade name: Demerol) Opioid analgesic recommended
Synthetic opioid analgesic because of the
(schedule II) unpredictable effects
Purpose: treat acute pain of neuro metabolites
at analgesic doses and
risk for seizures
used with caution
- in elderly
- in patients who require
long-term pain medication
- who have kidney
dysfunction.
Oral and injectable
forms
NOT FOR LONG
TERM PAIN
TREATMENT
Used for acute pain
post op and in
emergency room
methadone HCl Opioid agonist Eliminated through
trade name: Dolophine Opioid analgesic liver so can be used in
Synthetic opioid analgesic renal impairment
(schedule II) patient.
May cause cardiac
Purpose: detoxification dysrhythmia
treatment of opioids addicts Drug accumulates in
tissues and slowly
released Allowing 24
hours dosing
Half life longer than
duration of activity
morphine sulfate Opioid agonist High abuse potential
Prototype all opioid drugs Oral, injectable,
Schedule II controlled rectal, epidural form
substance Toxic metabolite
morphine 6
Purpose: treat severe pain glucuronide will
accumulate in renal
patient so do not give
to renal impaired
patients
Do not give CNS
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
depressant with this
drug because CNS
depression can occur
propoxyphene HCl Opioid analgesic In 2010 removed from
trade name: Darcocet Mild agonist market due to adverse
effects
oxycodone hydrochloride Opioid agonist Combined with
Similar to morphine acetaminophen to
make Percocet
Only available orally
Fentanyl Opioid agonist High abuse potential
Synthetic opioid Transdermal patches,
Schedule II parenteral injection ,
Purpose: treat moderate to buccal forms, oral
severe pain/ manage break Injectable uses: in
through and procedural pain ICU for sedation and
pre-op
Transdermal and oral
uses: long term
control of malignant
pain and
nonmalignant chronic
pain
Transdermal/ patch
information
Treats cancer induced
pain for those who
cannot swallow and
best or non-escalating
pain
Do not give patch to
opioid naïve, acute
pain patient and post
op patient
Patches take 6-12
hours for pain control
gives pain control for
72 hours
Change patch every
72 hours remove old
patch
Do not give heating
pad or put in hot area
with patch
Analgesic medications/ drugs Opioid Agonist
Opioids analgesic (agonist) for severe pain
An agonist binds to an opioid pain receptor in the brain and causes an analgesic response
— the reduction of pain sensation
Opioid analgesics are very strong pain relievers
Opioids are classified as both mild and strong agonists
Mild agonist is codeine, hydrocodone
strong agonists are morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone
extreme caution is to be used in cases of respiratory insufficiency; conditions involving
elevated intra- cranial pressure (e.g., severe head injury); morbid obesity and/or sleep
apnea; myasthenia gravis; paralytic ileus (bowel paralysis); and pregnancy, especially
with long-term use or high dosages.
Contraindicated in allergy and severe asthma
Allergy to morphine is said but not really because it is just histamine release so know if it
real allergy or not
Teach no CNS depressant (alcohol), do not change dosage without HCP, do not
breastfeed
Side effects N/V, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, sedation or
mental status change, overdose.
Change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
Drug name Classification/ main purpose Miscellaneous
codeine sulfate Opioid agonist Mostly as antitussive
Opiate analgesic; opium drug (relieve cough)
alkaloid Schedule 2 drug
Opioid analgesia Metabolized to
morphine
Purpose: relief cough Increasing the dose
will not increase the
response aka ceiling
effect
Combined with
acetaminophen
becomes schedule 3
drug to treat mild to
moderate pain
Give oral doses with
food to minimize GI
upset
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
meperidine HCl Opioid agonist Meperidine use not
trade name: Demerol) Opioid analgesic recommended
Synthetic opioid analgesic because of the
(schedule II) unpredictable effects
Purpose: treat acute pain of neuro metabolites
at analgesic doses and
risk for seizures
used with caution
- in elderly
- in patients who require
long-term pain medication
- who have kidney
dysfunction.
Oral and injectable
forms
NOT FOR LONG
TERM PAIN
TREATMENT
Used for acute pain
post op and in
emergency room
methadone HCl Opioid agonist Eliminated through
trade name: Dolophine Opioid analgesic liver so can be used in
Synthetic opioid analgesic renal impairment
(schedule II) patient.
May cause cardiac
Purpose: detoxification dysrhythmia
treatment of opioids addicts Drug accumulates in
tissues and slowly
released Allowing 24
hours dosing
Half life longer than
duration of activity
morphine sulfate Opioid agonist High abuse potential
Prototype all opioid drugs Oral, injectable,
Schedule II controlled rectal, epidural form
substance Toxic metabolite
morphine 6
Purpose: treat severe pain glucuronide will
accumulate in renal
patient so do not give
to renal impaired
patients
Do not give CNS
, lOMoARcPSD|11700591
depressant with this
drug because CNS
depression can occur
propoxyphene HCl Opioid analgesic In 2010 removed from
trade name: Darcocet Mild agonist market due to adverse
effects
oxycodone hydrochloride Opioid agonist Combined with
Similar to morphine acetaminophen to
make Percocet
Only available orally
Fentanyl Opioid agonist High abuse potential
Synthetic opioid Transdermal patches,
Schedule II parenteral injection ,
Purpose: treat moderate to buccal forms, oral
severe pain/ manage break Injectable uses: in
through and procedural pain ICU for sedation and
pre-op
Transdermal and oral
uses: long term
control of malignant
pain and
nonmalignant chronic
pain
Transdermal/ patch
information
Treats cancer induced
pain for those who
cannot swallow and
best or non-escalating
pain
Do not give patch to
opioid naïve, acute
pain patient and post
op patient
Patches take 6-12
hours for pain control
gives pain control for
72 hours
Change patch every
72 hours remove old
patch
Do not give heating
pad or put in hot area
with patch
