NUR 108 coronary artery disease – Study Guide and Exam Review Material
Coronary Artery Disease - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when the coronary arteries are not able to
supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands, particularly during times of
physical exertion or mental stress.
This is called myocardial ischemia and could eventually lead to necrosis of the heart tissue
Progressive disease that develops in stages. Once symptomatic, disease process is usually well
advanced.
Atherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔Most common cause of coronary artery disease.
Plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and
other substances
As blockage in a coronary artery increases, new blood vessels may develop that reroute blood
flow "around" the blocked artery
During times of increased exertion or stress, these new arteries may not be able to supply
enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands
Major Risk Factors of CAD - correct answer ✔✔Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Elevated total and LDL cholesterol
Low HDL cholesterol
Diabetes mellitus
Older age
Predisposing Risk Factors - correct answer ✔✔Physical inactivity
Obesity
Family hx of premature coronary disease
Ethnicity
, Psychosocial factors
Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Cluster of conditions occurring together, increasing
risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Increased BP
Elevated insulin levels (cell resistance)
Excess body fat around the waist
Abnormal cholesterol levels
Lab Tests for CAD - correct answer ✔✔CBC
Blood glucose
Lipid profile
Blood cultures
Clotting studies
Cardiac enzymes
C-reactive protein (CRP)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Diagnostic Tests for CAD - correct answer ✔✔ECG
Echocardiogram
Stress Test
Coronary Catheterization
CT Scan
MRI
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when the coronary arteries are not able to
supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands, particularly during times of
physical exertion or mental stress.
This is called myocardial ischemia and could eventually lead to necrosis of the heart tissue
Progressive disease that develops in stages. Once symptomatic, disease process is usually well
advanced.
Atherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔Most common cause of coronary artery disease.
Plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and
other substances
As blockage in a coronary artery increases, new blood vessels may develop that reroute blood
flow "around" the blocked artery
During times of increased exertion or stress, these new arteries may not be able to supply
enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands
Major Risk Factors of CAD - correct answer ✔✔Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Elevated total and LDL cholesterol
Low HDL cholesterol
Diabetes mellitus
Older age
Predisposing Risk Factors - correct answer ✔✔Physical inactivity
Obesity
Family hx of premature coronary disease
Ethnicity
, Psychosocial factors
Metabolic Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Cluster of conditions occurring together, increasing
risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Increased BP
Elevated insulin levels (cell resistance)
Excess body fat around the waist
Abnormal cholesterol levels
Lab Tests for CAD - correct answer ✔✔CBC
Blood glucose
Lipid profile
Blood cultures
Clotting studies
Cardiac enzymes
C-reactive protein (CRP)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Diagnostic Tests for CAD - correct answer ✔✔ECG
Echocardiogram
Stress Test
Coronary Catheterization
CT Scan
MRI
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
