NUR 2241 Final Exam – Study Guide and Comprehensive Review
Material
A boy with leukemia screams whenever he needs to be turned or moved.
The most probable cause of this pain is:
A Edema.
B. Bone involvement.
C. Petechial hemorrhages.
D. Changes within the muscles. - correct answer ✔✔B. Bone involvement.
The most frequent presenting signs and symptoms of leukemia are a result of infiltration of the
bone marrow. These include fever, pallor, fatigue, anorexia, hemorrhage (usually petechiae),
and bone and joint pain. Perry
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized after a near-drowning accident. The
child's mother complains to the nurse, This seems unnecessary when he
is perfectly fine. The nurses best reply is:
a. He still needs a little extra oxygen.
B. I'm sure he is fine, but the doctor wants to make sure.
C The reason for this is that complications could still occur.
d.It is important to observe for possible central nervous system problems. - correct answer
✔✔C. The reason for this is that complications could still occur.
All children who have a near-drowning experience should be admitted to the hospital for
observation. Although many children do not appear to have suffered adverse effects from the
event, complications such as respiratory compromise and cerebral edema may occur up to 24
hours after the incident
,Which children admitted to the pediatric unit would the nurse monitor closely
for development of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
(SATA)?
A. A newly diagnosed preschooler with type 1 diabetes
B. A school-age child returning from surgery for removal of a brain tumor
C. An infant with suspected meningitis
D. An adolescent with blunt abdominal trauma following a car accident
E. A school-age child with head trauma - correct answer ✔✔B. A school-age child returning
from surgery for removal of a brain tumor
C. An infant with suspected meningitis
E. A school-age child with head trauma
Childhood SIADH usually is caused by disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as
infections (meningitis), head trauma, and brain tumors. Type 1 diabetes and blunt abdominal
trauma are not likely to cause SIADH
Nursing care of a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH) should Include (Select all that apply)
A. Weigh daily.
B. Encourage fluids.
C. Turn frequently.
D. Maintain nothing by mouth.
E. Restrict fluids. - correct answer ✔✔A. Weigh daily.
E. Restrict fluids.
Increased secretion of ADH causes the kidney to reabsorb water, which increases fluid volume
and decreases serum osmolarity with a progressive reduction in sodium concentration. The
immediate management of the child is
,to restrict fluids. The child should also be weighed at the same time each day
Which diagnostic finding is present when a child has primary nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Hyperalbuminemia
B. Positive ASO titer
C. Leukocytosis
D. Proteinuria - correct answer ✔✔D. Proteinuria
Large amounts of protein are lost through the urine as a result of an
increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane.
A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of
nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to
assess (Select all that apply)?
A. Weight loss
B. Facial edema
C. Cloudy, smoky brown-colored urine
D. Fatigue
E. Frothy-appearing urine - correct answer ✔✔B. Facial edema
D. Fatigue
E. Frothy-appearing urine
A child with nephrotic syndrome will present with facial edema, fatigue, and
frothy-appearing urine (proteinuria). Weight gain, not loss, is expected
because of fluid retention. Cloudy, smoky brown-colored urine is seen with
, acute glomerulonephritis but not with nephrotic syndrome because there is
no gross hematuria associated with nephrotic syndrome
A nursing student is caring for a child diagnosed with Wilms tumor.
Which action by the student causes the faculty member to intervene?
a. Assesses urinary output per protocol
b. Involves the parents in the child's care
c. Palpates the abdomen in all four quadrants
d. Provides frequent nutritious snacks - correct answer ✔✔c. Palpates the abdomen in all four
quadrants
What food choice by the parent of a 2-year-old child with celiac disease
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Oatmeal
B. Rice cake
C. Corn muffin
D. Meat patty - correct answer ✔✔A. Oatmeal
The child with celiac disease is unable to fully digest gluten, the protein found in wheat, barley,
rye, and oats.
A common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is:
A. Seizures.
B. Cardiac arrhythmias.
C. Pulmonary hypertension.
D. Cardiac valve damage. - correct answer ✔✔D. Cardiac valve damage.
Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication of rheumatic fever
Material
A boy with leukemia screams whenever he needs to be turned or moved.
The most probable cause of this pain is:
A Edema.
B. Bone involvement.
C. Petechial hemorrhages.
D. Changes within the muscles. - correct answer ✔✔B. Bone involvement.
The most frequent presenting signs and symptoms of leukemia are a result of infiltration of the
bone marrow. These include fever, pallor, fatigue, anorexia, hemorrhage (usually petechiae),
and bone and joint pain. Perry
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized after a near-drowning accident. The
child's mother complains to the nurse, This seems unnecessary when he
is perfectly fine. The nurses best reply is:
a. He still needs a little extra oxygen.
B. I'm sure he is fine, but the doctor wants to make sure.
C The reason for this is that complications could still occur.
d.It is important to observe for possible central nervous system problems. - correct answer
✔✔C. The reason for this is that complications could still occur.
All children who have a near-drowning experience should be admitted to the hospital for
observation. Although many children do not appear to have suffered adverse effects from the
event, complications such as respiratory compromise and cerebral edema may occur up to 24
hours after the incident
,Which children admitted to the pediatric unit would the nurse monitor closely
for development of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
(SATA)?
A. A newly diagnosed preschooler with type 1 diabetes
B. A school-age child returning from surgery for removal of a brain tumor
C. An infant with suspected meningitis
D. An adolescent with blunt abdominal trauma following a car accident
E. A school-age child with head trauma - correct answer ✔✔B. A school-age child returning
from surgery for removal of a brain tumor
C. An infant with suspected meningitis
E. A school-age child with head trauma
Childhood SIADH usually is caused by disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as
infections (meningitis), head trauma, and brain tumors. Type 1 diabetes and blunt abdominal
trauma are not likely to cause SIADH
Nursing care of a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH) should Include (Select all that apply)
A. Weigh daily.
B. Encourage fluids.
C. Turn frequently.
D. Maintain nothing by mouth.
E. Restrict fluids. - correct answer ✔✔A. Weigh daily.
E. Restrict fluids.
Increased secretion of ADH causes the kidney to reabsorb water, which increases fluid volume
and decreases serum osmolarity with a progressive reduction in sodium concentration. The
immediate management of the child is
,to restrict fluids. The child should also be weighed at the same time each day
Which diagnostic finding is present when a child has primary nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Hyperalbuminemia
B. Positive ASO titer
C. Leukocytosis
D. Proteinuria - correct answer ✔✔D. Proteinuria
Large amounts of protein are lost through the urine as a result of an
increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane.
A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of
nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to
assess (Select all that apply)?
A. Weight loss
B. Facial edema
C. Cloudy, smoky brown-colored urine
D. Fatigue
E. Frothy-appearing urine - correct answer ✔✔B. Facial edema
D. Fatigue
E. Frothy-appearing urine
A child with nephrotic syndrome will present with facial edema, fatigue, and
frothy-appearing urine (proteinuria). Weight gain, not loss, is expected
because of fluid retention. Cloudy, smoky brown-colored urine is seen with
, acute glomerulonephritis but not with nephrotic syndrome because there is
no gross hematuria associated with nephrotic syndrome
A nursing student is caring for a child diagnosed with Wilms tumor.
Which action by the student causes the faculty member to intervene?
a. Assesses urinary output per protocol
b. Involves the parents in the child's care
c. Palpates the abdomen in all four quadrants
d. Provides frequent nutritious snacks - correct answer ✔✔c. Palpates the abdomen in all four
quadrants
What food choice by the parent of a 2-year-old child with celiac disease
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. Oatmeal
B. Rice cake
C. Corn muffin
D. Meat patty - correct answer ✔✔A. Oatmeal
The child with celiac disease is unable to fully digest gluten, the protein found in wheat, barley,
rye, and oats.
A common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is:
A. Seizures.
B. Cardiac arrhythmias.
C. Pulmonary hypertension.
D. Cardiac valve damage. - correct answer ✔✔D. Cardiac valve damage.
Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication of rheumatic fever
