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NUR 631 Advanced Health Assessment
Final Exam 2026/2027 Practice Test
Bank | Verified Answers | NGN Format |
Detailed Rationales | Grade A
1. What is Raynaud's disease?
Correct Answer: Raynaud's disease is a primary vasospastic disorder. Blood
vessels demonstrate endothelial dysfunction with an imbalance between
endothelium-derived vasodilators. It causes pallor, numbness, and cold
sensation in the digits, followed by rubor. It happens in Buerger's disease and
DLE (discoid lupus erythematosus).
Rationale:
1. Raynaud's disease is a vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and
arterioles.
2. It is triggered by cold or stress.
3. This is a standard vascular question.
2. What are UTI symptoms in the elderly?
Correct Answer: Confusion or poorly localized abdominal pain. UTIs in the
elderly are usually caused by E. coli.
Rationale:
1. Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague abdominal
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discomfort or otherwise be asymptomatic.
2. This is a standard geriatrics question.
3. What is Paget disease (osteitis deformans)?
Correct Answer: Paget disease is a state of increased metabolic activity in
bone characterized by abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation
(remodeling). It most often affects the axial skeleton, especially the vertebrae,
skull, sacrum, sternum, pelvis, and femur. It is usually diagnosed over age 40.
Invasive procedures may diagnose it.
Rationale:
1. Paget disease causes abnormal bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and
softened bones.
2. This is a standard orthopedics question.
4. What are the causes of stomach cancer?
Correct Answer: Causes include H. pylori infection; diet (salt, food
additives/nitrates, and not eating fruits and vegetables); and
alcohol/smoking.
Rationale:
1. H. pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer.
2. Dietary factors and smoking also increase risk.
3. This is a standard oncology question.
5. What does HHV-8 cause?
Correct Answer: HHV-8 causes Kaposi sarcoma (a public health concern in
Africa). It accounts for 2% of infection-attributable cancers worldwide.
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Rationale:
1. HHV-8 (human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma.
2. This is a standard oncology question.
6. What is the murmur in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Correct Answer: Continuous, machinery-type murmur heard best at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole.
Rationale:
1. PDA causes a continuous murmur because blood flows during both systole and
diastole.
2. This is a standard pediatric cardiology question.
7. What are Koplik spots?
Correct Answer: Koplik spots are associated with rubeola (measles). They
are pinpoint white spots surrounded by an erythematous red ring found on
the buccal mucosa.
Rationale:
1. Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles.
2. This is a standard infectious disease question.
8. What is the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
Correct Answer: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls lateral eye movement.
Its fibers leave the inferior pons, exit the skull, and extend to the eye. It
contains motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers
from the muscle to the brain.
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Rationale:
1. CN VI innervates the lateral rectus muscle for eye abduction.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
9. What is the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
Correct Answer: The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of
smell (sensory). Its fibers arise from the nasal olfactory epithelium and form
synapses with olfactory bulbs that transmit impulses to the temporal lobe.
Rationale:
1. CN I is purely sensory for smell.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
10. What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
Correct Answer: The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls tongue movement
(stick out tongue). It contains motor fibers to the muscles of the tongue and
sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain. Its fibers arise from the
medulla, exit the skull, and extend to the tongue.
Rationale:
1. CN XII innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
11. What is the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Correct Answer: The trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensations of pain,
touch, and temperature; controls the corneal reflex, clenching teeth, opening
the mouth, and chewing. It is both motor and sensory. Sensory input comes
NUR 631 Advanced Health Assessment
Final Exam 2026/2027 Practice Test
Bank | Verified Answers | NGN Format |
Detailed Rationales | Grade A
1. What is Raynaud's disease?
Correct Answer: Raynaud's disease is a primary vasospastic disorder. Blood
vessels demonstrate endothelial dysfunction with an imbalance between
endothelium-derived vasodilators. It causes pallor, numbness, and cold
sensation in the digits, followed by rubor. It happens in Buerger's disease and
DLE (discoid lupus erythematosus).
Rationale:
1. Raynaud's disease is a vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and
arterioles.
2. It is triggered by cold or stress.
3. This is a standard vascular question.
2. What are UTI symptoms in the elderly?
Correct Answer: Confusion or poorly localized abdominal pain. UTIs in the
elderly are usually caused by E. coli.
Rationale:
1. Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague abdominal
,2|Page
discomfort or otherwise be asymptomatic.
2. This is a standard geriatrics question.
3. What is Paget disease (osteitis deformans)?
Correct Answer: Paget disease is a state of increased metabolic activity in
bone characterized by abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation
(remodeling). It most often affects the axial skeleton, especially the vertebrae,
skull, sacrum, sternum, pelvis, and femur. It is usually diagnosed over age 40.
Invasive procedures may diagnose it.
Rationale:
1. Paget disease causes abnormal bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and
softened bones.
2. This is a standard orthopedics question.
4. What are the causes of stomach cancer?
Correct Answer: Causes include H. pylori infection; diet (salt, food
additives/nitrates, and not eating fruits and vegetables); and
alcohol/smoking.
Rationale:
1. H. pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer.
2. Dietary factors and smoking also increase risk.
3. This is a standard oncology question.
5. What does HHV-8 cause?
Correct Answer: HHV-8 causes Kaposi sarcoma (a public health concern in
Africa). It accounts for 2% of infection-attributable cancers worldwide.
,3|Page
Rationale:
1. HHV-8 (human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma.
2. This is a standard oncology question.
6. What is the murmur in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Correct Answer: Continuous, machinery-type murmur heard best at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole.
Rationale:
1. PDA causes a continuous murmur because blood flows during both systole and
diastole.
2. This is a standard pediatric cardiology question.
7. What are Koplik spots?
Correct Answer: Koplik spots are associated with rubeola (measles). They
are pinpoint white spots surrounded by an erythematous red ring found on
the buccal mucosa.
Rationale:
1. Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles.
2. This is a standard infectious disease question.
8. What is the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
Correct Answer: The abducens nerve (CN VI) controls lateral eye movement.
Its fibers leave the inferior pons, exit the skull, and extend to the eye. It
contains motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers
from the muscle to the brain.
, 4|Page
Rationale:
1. CN VI innervates the lateral rectus muscle for eye abduction.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
9. What is the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
Correct Answer: The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of
smell (sensory). Its fibers arise from the nasal olfactory epithelium and form
synapses with olfactory bulbs that transmit impulses to the temporal lobe.
Rationale:
1. CN I is purely sensory for smell.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
10. What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
Correct Answer: The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls tongue movement
(stick out tongue). It contains motor fibers to the muscles of the tongue and
sensory impulses from the tongue to the brain. Its fibers arise from the
medulla, exit the skull, and extend to the tongue.
Rationale:
1. CN XII innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
2. This is a standard neuroanatomy question.
11. What is the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Correct Answer: The trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensations of pain,
touch, and temperature; controls the corneal reflex, clenching teeth, opening
the mouth, and chewing. It is both motor and sensory. Sensory input comes
