PSYC-4002: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR REAL
EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/ 2027 BRAND NEW ALERT
GRADED A+
Question 1:
Which scientist is credited with discovering that the brain (not the heart)
is the seat of mental processes?
A. Galen
B. Hippocrates
C. Descartes
D. Broca
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) argued
that the brain is the seat of mental processes, not the heart. Galen
(A) supported ventricular theory. Descartes (C) proposed dualism.
Broca (D) localized speech.
Question 2:
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
A. +40 mV
B. -70 mV
C. 0 mV
D. -90 mV
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Resting membrane potential is
approximately -70 mV (inside negative relative to outside).
Depolarization reaches +40 mV (A). Hyperpolarization can reach -90
mV (D).
Question 3:
Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes
D. Microglia
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in
the CNS. Schwann cells (A) myelinate in the PNS. Astrocytes (C)
support neurons and maintain BBB. Microglia (D) are immune cells.
Question 4:
The "all-or-none" principle of action potentials means that:
A. Stronger stimuli produce larger action potentials
B. Action potentials either occur fully or not at all (amplitude does not
vary)
C. Action potentials occur only in response to painful stimuli
D. Action potentials are graded potentials
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Action potentials are all-or-none; they
either occur fully or not at all. Stimulus strength is encoded by
frequency, not amplitude. Graded potentials (D) vary in amplitude.
Question 5:
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary motor cortex
(M1)?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: Correct answer: A. Primary motor cortex (M1) is located
in the frontal lobe (precentral gyrus). Primary somatosensory cortex
(S1) is in parietal lobe. Auditory cortex (A1) is in temporal lobe.
Visual cortex (V1) is in occipital lobe.
Question 6:
The neurotransmitter GABA is primarily:
A. Excitatory
B. Inhibitory
C. Modulatory
D. Both excitatory and inhibitory
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is
the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Glutamate is the
major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Question 7:
A patient with damage to the hippocampus would most likely have
difficulty with:
A. Remembering how to ride a bike
B. Forming new explicit (declarative) memories
C. Emotional responses
D. Language comprehension
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Hippocampus is critical for encoding
new explicit (declarative) memories (episodic and semantic).
Procedural memory (riding a bike, A) is basal ganglia/cerebellum.
Emotional responses (C) involve amygdala. Language
comprehension (D) involves Wernicke's area.
Question 8:
In the action potential, depolarization is caused by:
A. K+ leaving the cell
B. Na+ entering the cell
C. Cl- entering the cell
D. Ca2+ leaving the cell
EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/ 2027 BRAND NEW ALERT
GRADED A+
Question 1:
Which scientist is credited with discovering that the brain (not the heart)
is the seat of mental processes?
A. Galen
B. Hippocrates
C. Descartes
D. Broca
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) argued
that the brain is the seat of mental processes, not the heart. Galen
(A) supported ventricular theory. Descartes (C) proposed dualism.
Broca (D) localized speech.
Question 2:
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
A. +40 mV
B. -70 mV
C. 0 mV
D. -90 mV
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Resting membrane potential is
approximately -70 mV (inside negative relative to outside).
Depolarization reaches +40 mV (A). Hyperpolarization can reach -90
mV (D).
Question 3:
Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Schwann cells
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes
D. Microglia
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in
the CNS. Schwann cells (A) myelinate in the PNS. Astrocytes (C)
support neurons and maintain BBB. Microglia (D) are immune cells.
Question 4:
The "all-or-none" principle of action potentials means that:
A. Stronger stimuli produce larger action potentials
B. Action potentials either occur fully or not at all (amplitude does not
vary)
C. Action potentials occur only in response to painful stimuli
D. Action potentials are graded potentials
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Action potentials are all-or-none; they
either occur fully or not at all. Stimulus strength is encoded by
frequency, not amplitude. Graded potentials (D) vary in amplitude.
Question 5:
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary motor cortex
(M1)?
A. Frontal lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: Correct answer: A. Primary motor cortex (M1) is located
in the frontal lobe (precentral gyrus). Primary somatosensory cortex
(S1) is in parietal lobe. Auditory cortex (A1) is in temporal lobe.
Visual cortex (V1) is in occipital lobe.
Question 6:
The neurotransmitter GABA is primarily:
A. Excitatory
B. Inhibitory
C. Modulatory
D. Both excitatory and inhibitory
,
Rationale: Correct answer: B. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is
the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Glutamate is the
major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Question 7:
A patient with damage to the hippocampus would most likely have
difficulty with:
A. Remembering how to ride a bike
B. Forming new explicit (declarative) memories
C. Emotional responses
D. Language comprehension
Rationale: Correct answer: B. Hippocampus is critical for encoding
new explicit (declarative) memories (episodic and semantic).
Procedural memory (riding a bike, A) is basal ganglia/cerebellum.
Emotional responses (C) involve amygdala. Language
comprehension (D) involves Wernicke's area.
Question 8:
In the action potential, depolarization is caused by:
A. K+ leaving the cell
B. Na+ entering the cell
C. Cl- entering the cell
D. Ca2+ leaving the cell
