RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
1. What lab testing results are indicative of DIC?: -Prothrombin Time (PT)
-partial throboplastin time (PTT)
-Activated Partial Thrompoplastin Time (aPTT)
-Bleeding Time
-Thrombin Time
Decrease levels: -Fibrogen
-Platelets
-Clotine factor II, V, VIII, & X
and Antithrombin III
2. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child diagnosed with
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following would
the nurse interpret as indicative of this disorder?
A) Shortened prothrombin time
B) Increased fibrinogen level
C) Positive fibrin split products
D) Increased platelets: C) Positive fibrin split products
3. The nurse is caring for a postpartum patient admitted to the intensive care
unit with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). What is
the drug of choice to treat this problem?
A. Heparin
B. Urokinase
C. Aspirin
D. Warfarin: A.) Heparin
4. In the ICU, a postsurgical client has developed sepsis and is being treated
with multiple medications. During the mid-morning assessment, which find-
ing leads the nurse to suspect the client may be developing a complication
called disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? Select all that apply.
A) Headaches associated with light sensitivity
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
B) Oozing from all previous puncture and intravenous sites
C) Decreased O2 saturation and diminished breath sounds in lower lobes
D) Hemorrhage from the surgical site requiring deep pressure dressings
E) Urine from the Foley catheter is bloody: D) Hemorrhage from the surgical site requiring deep
pressure dressings
5. A healthy, primiparous (first-time) mother delivered a healthy infant several
hours ago, but the mother has experienced postpartum hemorrhage. Which
of the following disorders is most likely to underlie the client's excessive
bleeding after delivery?
A) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B) Hemophilia A
C) Von Willebrand disease
D) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): A) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
6. What is the concept behind heparin for PT with DIC?: -It prevents the clotting phase from
being completed which inhibits the breakdown of fibrinogen.
- It also helps avoid hemorrhage by preventing the body from depleting entire stage of coagulation factors.
7. What are some acute clinical manifestations of DIC?: -Directly related to bleeding
problems such as:
Petechia, Purpura, oozing from puncture sites or severe hemorrhaging.
8. How does DIC happen in postpartum hemorrhaging?: -Tissue factors released from
necrotic place/fetal tissue or amniotic fluid my enter the circulation, inciting DIC.
9. What is a common cause of DIC?: -Sepsis
10. A patient with DIC is at a higher risk for what?: -Deficient fluid volume
11. Increased levels of , , , and
will be noted in DIC:: -Fibrinolycin, fibrinopeptide A, positive fibrin split products
and D-dimers.
12. DIC can occur secondary to what type of conditions? Select all that apply:-
: -Abrupitoplacente
-Amniotic fluid embolism
-Endotoxin sepsis
-Retained dead fetus
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
-Post hemorrhage shock
-Hydatidformmole
-Gynecologic Malinganries
13. DIC can be decreased as a loss of balance between what two activities?: -Clot
forming activity of thrombin
-Clot lysin activity of plasmin
14. What are some ways to combat DIC? Select all that apply:: -Anticoagulation therapy
(low-molecular weight heparin)
-Packed RBCs
-Platelet concentrate
-Antithrombin concentrate
-Nonclotting Protein- containing volume will expand like: plasma protein fraction or albumin
15. How does Heparin work in the circulatory system?: -Inhibits thrombus and clot produc-
tion by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin & fibrogen to fibrin.
16. What are some adverse effects of Heparin? Select all that apply:: -Loss of hair
-Bruising
-Chills
-Fever
-Osteoporosis
-Suppression of renal function
17. If a PT has an allergic reaction to Heparin, what drug would be administered
as treatment?: - Lepirudin (refludan)
18. In DIC, microemboli may obstruct blood vessels and cause tissue hypoxia/
necrotic damage to which organ structures? Select all that apply:: -Kidneys
-Heart
-Lungs
-Brain
19. The treatment of DIC is directed toward managing what?: -The Primary disease
-Replacing clotting components
-Preventing further activation of clotting mechanisms
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
20. How do you correct the clotting factor deficiency in DIC?: -Transition of FFP
- " " platelets
- " " fibrinogen containing cryoprecipitate
21. How does DIC initiate activation of the extrinsic pathway?: -Occurs with liberation
of tissue factor and associated with obstetric complications, trauma, bacterial sepsis & cancer
22. How does DIC initiate activation of the intrinsic pathway?: -Activated through
extensive endothelial damage with activation of factor XII. This results from viruses, infections, immune mechanisms,
stasis of blood or temperature extremes.
23. What are some potential therapies to DIC other than Heparin?: -Tissue factor
pathway inhibitors, antithrombin, Protein C concentrates, & anti-inflammatory cytokines like INL-I
24. What are some obstetric conditions that have been associated with DIC?: -
-Abrupito placentratae
-Dead fetus syndrome
-Pre-eclampsia & eclampsia
-Amniotic fluid embolism
25. What are some Cancers that have been associated with DIC ?: -Metastatic cancer
-Acute leukemia
26. What are some infections associations with DIC?: -Acute bacterial infections (meningo-
cocal meningitis)
-Histoplasmosis, Aspergicrosis
-Ricketsial Infections (rocky mountain spotted fever)
-Parasitic infections (malaria)
-Sepsis/ Septic shock
27. What are some trauma signs that have been associated with DIC?: -Burns
-Heatstroke
-Massive traumas
-Snake bite
-Surgery including extracorpeal circulation?
28. What are some hematologic conditions associated with DIC?: -Blood Transfusions
Reactions
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
1. What lab testing results are indicative of DIC?: -Prothrombin Time (PT)
-partial throboplastin time (PTT)
-Activated Partial Thrompoplastin Time (aPTT)
-Bleeding Time
-Thrombin Time
Decrease levels: -Fibrogen
-Platelets
-Clotine factor II, V, VIII, & X
and Antithrombin III
2. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child diagnosed with
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following would
the nurse interpret as indicative of this disorder?
A) Shortened prothrombin time
B) Increased fibrinogen level
C) Positive fibrin split products
D) Increased platelets: C) Positive fibrin split products
3. The nurse is caring for a postpartum patient admitted to the intensive care
unit with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). What is
the drug of choice to treat this problem?
A. Heparin
B. Urokinase
C. Aspirin
D. Warfarin: A.) Heparin
4. In the ICU, a postsurgical client has developed sepsis and is being treated
with multiple medications. During the mid-morning assessment, which find-
ing leads the nurse to suspect the client may be developing a complication
called disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? Select all that apply.
A) Headaches associated with light sensitivity
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
B) Oozing from all previous puncture and intravenous sites
C) Decreased O2 saturation and diminished breath sounds in lower lobes
D) Hemorrhage from the surgical site requiring deep pressure dressings
E) Urine from the Foley catheter is bloody: D) Hemorrhage from the surgical site requiring deep
pressure dressings
5. A healthy, primiparous (first-time) mother delivered a healthy infant several
hours ago, but the mother has experienced postpartum hemorrhage. Which
of the following disorders is most likely to underlie the client's excessive
bleeding after delivery?
A) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B) Hemophilia A
C) Von Willebrand disease
D) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): A) Disseminated intravascular coagulation
6. What is the concept behind heparin for PT with DIC?: -It prevents the clotting phase from
being completed which inhibits the breakdown of fibrinogen.
- It also helps avoid hemorrhage by preventing the body from depleting entire stage of coagulation factors.
7. What are some acute clinical manifestations of DIC?: -Directly related to bleeding
problems such as:
Petechia, Purpura, oozing from puncture sites or severe hemorrhaging.
8. How does DIC happen in postpartum hemorrhaging?: -Tissue factors released from
necrotic place/fetal tissue or amniotic fluid my enter the circulation, inciting DIC.
9. What is a common cause of DIC?: -Sepsis
10. A patient with DIC is at a higher risk for what?: -Deficient fluid volume
11. Increased levels of , , , and
will be noted in DIC:: -Fibrinolycin, fibrinopeptide A, positive fibrin split products
and D-dimers.
12. DIC can occur secondary to what type of conditions? Select all that apply:-
: -Abrupitoplacente
-Amniotic fluid embolism
-Endotoxin sepsis
-Retained dead fetus
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
-Post hemorrhage shock
-Hydatidformmole
-Gynecologic Malinganries
13. DIC can be decreased as a loss of balance between what two activities?: -Clot
forming activity of thrombin
-Clot lysin activity of plasmin
14. What are some ways to combat DIC? Select all that apply:: -Anticoagulation therapy
(low-molecular weight heparin)
-Packed RBCs
-Platelet concentrate
-Antithrombin concentrate
-Nonclotting Protein- containing volume will expand like: plasma protein fraction or albumin
15. How does Heparin work in the circulatory system?: -Inhibits thrombus and clot produc-
tion by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin & fibrogen to fibrin.
16. What are some adverse effects of Heparin? Select all that apply:: -Loss of hair
-Bruising
-Chills
-Fever
-Osteoporosis
-Suppression of renal function
17. If a PT has an allergic reaction to Heparin, what drug would be administered
as treatment?: - Lepirudin (refludan)
18. In DIC, microemboli may obstruct blood vessels and cause tissue hypoxia/
necrotic damage to which organ structures? Select all that apply:: -Kidneys
-Heart
-Lungs
-Brain
19. The treatment of DIC is directed toward managing what?: -The Primary disease
-Replacing clotting components
-Preventing further activation of clotting mechanisms
, RNSG 2539 NURSING CLINICAL FINAL EXAM 2026, CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING, COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS A+ ALREADY GRADED
20. How do you correct the clotting factor deficiency in DIC?: -Transition of FFP
- " " platelets
- " " fibrinogen containing cryoprecipitate
21. How does DIC initiate activation of the extrinsic pathway?: -Occurs with liberation
of tissue factor and associated with obstetric complications, trauma, bacterial sepsis & cancer
22. How does DIC initiate activation of the intrinsic pathway?: -Activated through
extensive endothelial damage with activation of factor XII. This results from viruses, infections, immune mechanisms,
stasis of blood or temperature extremes.
23. What are some potential therapies to DIC other than Heparin?: -Tissue factor
pathway inhibitors, antithrombin, Protein C concentrates, & anti-inflammatory cytokines like INL-I
24. What are some obstetric conditions that have been associated with DIC?: -
-Abrupito placentratae
-Dead fetus syndrome
-Pre-eclampsia & eclampsia
-Amniotic fluid embolism
25. What are some Cancers that have been associated with DIC ?: -Metastatic cancer
-Acute leukemia
26. What are some infections associations with DIC?: -Acute bacterial infections (meningo-
cocal meningitis)
-Histoplasmosis, Aspergicrosis
-Ricketsial Infections (rocky mountain spotted fever)
-Parasitic infections (malaria)
-Sepsis/ Septic shock
27. What are some trauma signs that have been associated with DIC?: -Burns
-Heatstroke
-Massive traumas
-Snake bite
-Surgery including extracorpeal circulation?
28. What are some hematologic conditions associated with DIC?: -Blood Transfusions
Reactions
