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NUR 230 Exam 3 Maternal Child Nursing
2026/2027 Test Bank with Verified Answers and
Comprehensive Rationales Grade A – Galen
1. What is the thiazide diuretic prototype?
Correct Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Rationale:
1. Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic.
2. It is used for hypertension and mild to moderate edema.
3. Thiazides inhibit sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted
tubule.
2. What are the key characteristics of thiazide diuretics?
Correct Answer: Inhibit Na+ and H2O reabsorption; increase K+
excretion; monitor for hypotension and hypokalemia.
Rationale:
1. Thiazides act on the distal convoluted tubule.
2. They increase potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
3. Monitor blood pressure and potassium levels regularly.
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3. What is the prototype loop diuretic?
Correct Answer: Furosemide (Lasix)
Rationale:
1. Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic.
2. It acts on the ascending loop of Henle.
3. It is used for edema, heart failure, and hypertension.
4. What are the key characteristics of loop diuretics?
Correct Answer: Decrease sodium reabsorption and increase potassium
excretion; monitor for orthostatic hypotension and hypokalemia;
ototoxicity risk; fall risk in older adults.
Rationale:
1. Loop diuretics are potent diuretics (high ceiling).
2. Ototoxicity is a serious side effect (tinnitus, hearing loss).
3. Orthostatic hypotension increases fall risk, especially in older adults.
5. What is the potassium-sparing diuretic prototype?
Correct Answer: Amiloride
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Rationale:
1. Amiloride acts on the collecting duct.
2. It blocks sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium.
3. It is used to counteract potassium loss from thiazide or loop diuretics.
6. What are the key characteristics of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Correct Answer: Block sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium;
monitor for hyperkalemia.
Rationale:
1. Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease potassium excretion.
2. Hyperkalemia is the most serious adverse effect.
3. Avoid use with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium supplements.
7. What are the side effects of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Correct Answer: Drowsiness, lethargy, headache
Rationale:
1. These are common central nervous system effects.
2. They are generally mild and dose-related.
8. What is the aldosterone antagonist prototype?
NUR 230 Exam 3 Maternal Child Nursing
2026/2027 Test Bank with Verified Answers and
Comprehensive Rationales Grade A – Galen
1. What is the thiazide diuretic prototype?
Correct Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Rationale:
1. Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic.
2. It is used for hypertension and mild to moderate edema.
3. Thiazides inhibit sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted
tubule.
2. What are the key characteristics of thiazide diuretics?
Correct Answer: Inhibit Na+ and H2O reabsorption; increase K+
excretion; monitor for hypotension and hypokalemia.
Rationale:
1. Thiazides act on the distal convoluted tubule.
2. They increase potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
3. Monitor blood pressure and potassium levels regularly.
,2|Page
3. What is the prototype loop diuretic?
Correct Answer: Furosemide (Lasix)
Rationale:
1. Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic.
2. It acts on the ascending loop of Henle.
3. It is used for edema, heart failure, and hypertension.
4. What are the key characteristics of loop diuretics?
Correct Answer: Decrease sodium reabsorption and increase potassium
excretion; monitor for orthostatic hypotension and hypokalemia;
ototoxicity risk; fall risk in older adults.
Rationale:
1. Loop diuretics are potent diuretics (high ceiling).
2. Ototoxicity is a serious side effect (tinnitus, hearing loss).
3. Orthostatic hypotension increases fall risk, especially in older adults.
5. What is the potassium-sparing diuretic prototype?
Correct Answer: Amiloride
, 3|Page
Rationale:
1. Amiloride acts on the collecting duct.
2. It blocks sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium.
3. It is used to counteract potassium loss from thiazide or loop diuretics.
6. What are the key characteristics of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Correct Answer: Block sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium;
monitor for hyperkalemia.
Rationale:
1. Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease potassium excretion.
2. Hyperkalemia is the most serious adverse effect.
3. Avoid use with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium supplements.
7. What are the side effects of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Correct Answer: Drowsiness, lethargy, headache
Rationale:
1. These are common central nervous system effects.
2. They are generally mild and dose-related.
8. What is the aldosterone antagonist prototype?
