NUR 166 Exam 3 Hondros Concepts of Family-Centered Nursing Practical Nurse 2026/2027 | Complete Test Bank with Verified Questions and Answers and Detailed Rationales | LPN Pediatric and Family Health Exam Prep

INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD — This is the official test bank for NUR 166 Exam 3 at Hondros College of Nursing, covering Concepts of Family-Centered Nursing for the Practical Nurse (LPN) program. It contains verified questions and answers with detailed rationales in multiple-choice, select-all-that-apply (SATA), ordered response, and clinical scenario formats aligned with the Ohio Board of Nursing LPN scope of practice focusing on pediatric nursing, childhood illnesses, developmental milestones, and family-centered pediatric care. PEDIATRIC NURSING FOUNDATIONS Growth and Development Principles – Cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) development: infants gain control of head before trunk, trunk before legs. Proximodistal (center-to-periphery) development: control of trunk and shoulders before fine motor skills (pincer grasp). Development proceeds from simple to complex, general to specific. Growth patterns: weight doubles by 5-6 months, triples by 12 months, quadruples by 2 years. Height increases 50% by 12 months, doubles by 4 years. Head circumference: 35 cm at birth, 47 cm at 12 months (larger than chest by 2-3 cm until about 2 years). Chest circumference: 32 cm at birth, equals head circumference at about 12 months. Fine and Gross Motor Milestones by Age 0-3 Months – Gross motor: lifts head (1 month), holds head up (2 months), lifts head and chest (3 months), moves arms and legs symmetrically. Fine motor: hands fisted most of time, holds rattle briefly (3 months), tracks objects past midline (2 months). Reflexes present: Moro (startle), rooting, sucking, palmar grasp, plantar grasp, Babinski (toes fan), stepping (walking), tonic neck (fencing). 4-6 Months – Gross motor: rolls front to back (4-5 months), back to front (5-6 months), sits with support (5 months), sits alone briefly (6 months). Fine motor: grasps objects voluntarily (4 months), transfers objects hand-to-hand (6 months), reaches with one hand (6 months). Social: smiles spontaneously, laughs, recognizes familiar faces, responds to name (5-6 months). 7-9 Months – Gross motor: sits alone steadily (7-8 months), crawls (7-10 months), pulls to stand (8-9 months), cruises along furniture (9 months). Fine motor: pincer grasp emerging (8-9 months), bangs objects together, rakes objects with fingers. Social-developmental: stranger anxiety (8-9 months peaks), separation anxiety (9-12 months), object permanence develops (understands object exists when out of sight – Piaget sensorimotor stage), plays pat-a-cake. 10-12 Months – Gross motor: stands alone briefly (10-11 months), walks with help (11 months), stands alone well (11-12 months), may take first independent steps (12 months). Fine motor: mature pincer grasp (10-12 months), puts objects into container, imitates scribbling. Language: says "mama/dada" specifically (10-12 months), understands simple commands ("no"). Other developmental: plays peek-a-boo, wave bye-bye, imitates actions. 13-18 Months – Gross motor: walks alone (13-15 months), runs stiffly (15-18 months), climbs stairs with help, pulls/pushes toys. Fine motor: builds tower of 2-3 blocks, scribbles spontaneously, uses spoon with spilling, drinks from cup. Language: 4-10 words by 15 months, 10-25 words by 18 months, points to body parts. 19-24 Months (2 Years) – Gross motor: runs well, kicks ball, climbs stairs with alternating feet (2-3 steps), jumps in place. Fine motor: builds tower of 6-7 blocks, turns pages one at a time, draws vertical/circular strokes, uses spoon with minimal spilling. Language: 100-300 words, 2-3 word phrases ("want milk"), follows 2-step commands. Social: parallel play (plays alongside but not with others), separation anxiety decreases, says "no," imitates adults. 3-4 Years – Gross motor: hops on one foot, walks up stairs alternating feet, rides tricycle, catches ball. Fine motor: copies circle and cross (3 years), copies square (4 years), draws person with 2-4 body parts, cuts with scissors, buttons large buttons. Language: 900-1,000 words, 4-5 word sentences, tells stories, knows colors and some numbers. Social: cooperative play begins (4-5 years), shares, takes turns, imaginary friends, fears (dark, monsters). 5-6 Years – Gross motor: skips, jumps rope, balances on one foot, walks backward, rides bicycle with training wheels. Fine motor: prints first name, copies triangle, dresses independently, ties shoelaces (6 years). Language: 2,000+ words, sentences 6-8 words, reads simple words. Social: competitive play, follows rules, best friends, gender-stereotyped play. Pediatric Developmental Theories Erikson's Psychosocial Stages (Birth-6 Years) – Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year): meet basic needs consistently to develop trust. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years): encourage independence, provide choices, toilet training, "terrible twos" – saying no. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years): encourage exploration and assertiveness, answer questions, praise initiative, avoid over-control. Piaget's Cognitive Stages (Birth-7 Years) – Sensorimotor (birth-2 years): object permanence develops (understands object exists when out of sight). Preoperational (2-7 years): egocentrism (unable to see others' perspectives), magical thinking (believes thoughts cause events), animism (attributes lifelike qualities to inanimate objects), centration (focuses on one aspect ignoring others). Kohlberg's Moral Development (Preconventional Level) – Preconventional (preschool to school-age, ages 4-10): Stage 1: punishment-obedience orientation (avoids punishment). Stage 2: individualism and exchange (follows rules for reward). Children base moral decisions on consequences to self (good/bad outcomes) not internalized standards. Pediatric Vital Signs by Age Age Heart Rate (awake) Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure (Systolic) Newborn 80-180 30-60 65-95 1-12 months 80-180 25-55 70-100 1-3 years 80-150 20-30 80-110 3-5 years 70-130 20-25 80-110 6-12 years 60-120 14-22 85-120 Pain Assessment in Children FLACC Scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) – For ages 2 months to 7 years or nonverbal children. Score 0-10: 0 (relaxed, no pain), 1-3 (mild pain/ discomfort