, Second Edition
Krishna Garg
MBBS, MS, PhD, FIAMS, FAMS, FIMSA, FASI
Former Professor and Head
Department of Anatomy
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
Consultant and Guest Faculty, Kalka Dental College, Meerut and
Bakson Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Medha Joshi
MBBS, FCGP
Former Lecturer in Anatomy
Krishna Dental College and Harsaran Das Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Guest Faculty, Pt Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for
Persons with Physical Disabilities, New Delhi, and
Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Delhi
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
• New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai
• Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand
,Disclaimer
Science and technology are constantly changing fields. New research and experience broaden the scope of
information and knowledge. The authors have tried their best in giving information available to them while
preparing the material for this book. Although, all efforts have been made to ensure optimum accuracy of the
material, yet it is quite possible some errors might have been left uncorrected. The publisher, the printer and
the authors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or inaccuracies.
eISBN: 978-93-490-5775-3
Copyright © Authors and Publisher
Second e Book Edition: 2023
All rights reserved. No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system
without permission, in writing, from the authors and the publisher.
Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain for
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate O ice: 204 FIE, Industrial Area, Patparganj, New Delhi-110092
Ph: +91-11-49344934; Fax: +91-11-49344935; Website: www.cbspd.com; www.eduport-global.com;
E-mail:
Head O ice: CBS PLAZA, 4819/XI Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002, India.
Ph: +91-11-23289259, 23266861, 23266867; Fax: 011-23243014; Website: www.cbspd.com;
E-mail: ; .
Branches
Bengaluru: Seema House 2975, 17 th Cross, K.R. Road, Banasankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru - 560070,
Kamataka Ph: +91-80-26771678/79; Fax: +91-80-26771680; E-mail:
Chennai: No.7, Subbaraya Street Shenoy Nagar Chennai - 600030, Tamil Nadu
Ph: +91-44-26680620, 26681266; E-mail:
Kochi: 36/14 Kalluvilakam, Lissie Hospital Road, Kochi - 682018, Kerala
Ph: +91-484-4059061-65; Fax: +91-484-4059065; E-mail:
Mumbai: 83-C, 1st floor, Dr. E. Moses Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400018, Maharashtra
Ph: +91-22-24902340 - 41; Fax: +91-22-24902342; E-mail:
Kolkata: No. 6/B, Ground Floor, Rameswar Shaw Road, Kolkata - 700014
Ph: +91-33-22891126 - 28; E-mail:
Representatives
Hyderabad
Pune
Nagpur
Manipal
Vijayawada
Patna
, Preface to the Second Edition
We are delighted to present the second edition of our book, which aims to provide nursing students
with a comprehensive understanding of anatomy and physiology. We are grateful for the overwhelming
response and positive feedback we received for the first edition, which encouraged us to further enhance
and expand upon the content.
Anatomy and physiology continue to serve as the foundation for all medical disciplines, enabling
students to grasp the normal structure and functioning of the body's various systems. By comprehending
these fundamental aspects, nursing students can effectively recognize deviation from the norm that leads
to different illnesses. Nurses, as the backbone of any medical setting, play an indispensable role and
are the vital link between doctors, patients, and their families. Their expertise and compassionate care
significantly contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society at large.
In this second edition, we have meticulously refined each chapter to provide a deeper understanding
of the subject matter. The book begins by introducing the various systems and presenting specific
anatomical terminology in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 of the book provides a comprehensive introduction to
cell structure and the microscopic anatomy of basic tissues. Subsequently, Chapters 3 to 14 delve into the
intricacies of the different systems of the body. For easy comprehension, each chapter commences with an
exploration of normal anatomy, followed by an in-depth examination of physiological processes. Finally,
the clinical aspects, including alterations in structure and function that contribute to disease processes,
are emphasized.
To aid visual learning, the text is complemented by high-quality color diagrams, tables, flowcharts, and
graphs. These visual aids not only enhance understanding but also facilitate easy reproduction. We have
taken great care to present the material in a clear and concise manner, ensuring that students can readily
absorb, retain, and recall the information during their theory, practical, and viva voce examinations. To
facilitate self-assessment, we have included multiple-choice questions (MCQs) at the end of each chapter,
enabling students to gauge their progress and reinforce their learning.
In response to valuable feedback, we have added a separate section featuring important histological
slides. Each slide is accompanied by three key identification points, enabling students to familiarize
themselves with organ structures in a practical and interactive manner. Furthermore, recognizing the
importance of nutrition, we have incorporated basic concepts in the Digestive System chapter, providing
students with a foundational understanding of this vital area.
We genuinely appreciate your continued support and encourage you to share your suggestions and
views for the further improvement of this book. Your feedback is invaluable in our pursuit of simplifying
these two fascinating subjects for students. Please feel free to reach out to us at .
We sincerely hope that this second edition will prove to be even more beneficial and user-friendly
for nursing students, helping them develop a strong foundation in anatomy and physiology. May this
knowledge empower them to become compassionate caregivers, fostering optimal patient care and
making a positive impact on society.
Krishna Garg
Medha Joshi
Krishna Garg
MBBS, MS, PhD, FIAMS, FAMS, FIMSA, FASI
Former Professor and Head
Department of Anatomy
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
Consultant and Guest Faculty, Kalka Dental College, Meerut and
Bakson Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Medha Joshi
MBBS, FCGP
Former Lecturer in Anatomy
Krishna Dental College and Harsaran Das Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Guest Faculty, Pt Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for
Persons with Physical Disabilities, New Delhi, and
Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Delhi
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
• New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai
• Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand
,Disclaimer
Science and technology are constantly changing fields. New research and experience broaden the scope of
information and knowledge. The authors have tried their best in giving information available to them while
preparing the material for this book. Although, all efforts have been made to ensure optimum accuracy of the
material, yet it is quite possible some errors might have been left uncorrected. The publisher, the printer and
the authors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or inaccuracies.
eISBN: 978-93-490-5775-3
Copyright © Authors and Publisher
Second e Book Edition: 2023
All rights reserved. No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system
without permission, in writing, from the authors and the publisher.
Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain for
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate O ice: 204 FIE, Industrial Area, Patparganj, New Delhi-110092
Ph: +91-11-49344934; Fax: +91-11-49344935; Website: www.cbspd.com; www.eduport-global.com;
E-mail:
Head O ice: CBS PLAZA, 4819/XI Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002, India.
Ph: +91-11-23289259, 23266861, 23266867; Fax: 011-23243014; Website: www.cbspd.com;
E-mail: ; .
Branches
Bengaluru: Seema House 2975, 17 th Cross, K.R. Road, Banasankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru - 560070,
Kamataka Ph: +91-80-26771678/79; Fax: +91-80-26771680; E-mail:
Chennai: No.7, Subbaraya Street Shenoy Nagar Chennai - 600030, Tamil Nadu
Ph: +91-44-26680620, 26681266; E-mail:
Kochi: 36/14 Kalluvilakam, Lissie Hospital Road, Kochi - 682018, Kerala
Ph: +91-484-4059061-65; Fax: +91-484-4059065; E-mail:
Mumbai: 83-C, 1st floor, Dr. E. Moses Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400018, Maharashtra
Ph: +91-22-24902340 - 41; Fax: +91-22-24902342; E-mail:
Kolkata: No. 6/B, Ground Floor, Rameswar Shaw Road, Kolkata - 700014
Ph: +91-33-22891126 - 28; E-mail:
Representatives
Hyderabad
Pune
Nagpur
Manipal
Vijayawada
Patna
, Preface to the Second Edition
We are delighted to present the second edition of our book, which aims to provide nursing students
with a comprehensive understanding of anatomy and physiology. We are grateful for the overwhelming
response and positive feedback we received for the first edition, which encouraged us to further enhance
and expand upon the content.
Anatomy and physiology continue to serve as the foundation for all medical disciplines, enabling
students to grasp the normal structure and functioning of the body's various systems. By comprehending
these fundamental aspects, nursing students can effectively recognize deviation from the norm that leads
to different illnesses. Nurses, as the backbone of any medical setting, play an indispensable role and
are the vital link between doctors, patients, and their families. Their expertise and compassionate care
significantly contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society at large.
In this second edition, we have meticulously refined each chapter to provide a deeper understanding
of the subject matter. The book begins by introducing the various systems and presenting specific
anatomical terminology in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 of the book provides a comprehensive introduction to
cell structure and the microscopic anatomy of basic tissues. Subsequently, Chapters 3 to 14 delve into the
intricacies of the different systems of the body. For easy comprehension, each chapter commences with an
exploration of normal anatomy, followed by an in-depth examination of physiological processes. Finally,
the clinical aspects, including alterations in structure and function that contribute to disease processes,
are emphasized.
To aid visual learning, the text is complemented by high-quality color diagrams, tables, flowcharts, and
graphs. These visual aids not only enhance understanding but also facilitate easy reproduction. We have
taken great care to present the material in a clear and concise manner, ensuring that students can readily
absorb, retain, and recall the information during their theory, practical, and viva voce examinations. To
facilitate self-assessment, we have included multiple-choice questions (MCQs) at the end of each chapter,
enabling students to gauge their progress and reinforce their learning.
In response to valuable feedback, we have added a separate section featuring important histological
slides. Each slide is accompanied by three key identification points, enabling students to familiarize
themselves with organ structures in a practical and interactive manner. Furthermore, recognizing the
importance of nutrition, we have incorporated basic concepts in the Digestive System chapter, providing
students with a foundational understanding of this vital area.
We genuinely appreciate your continued support and encourage you to share your suggestions and
views for the further improvement of this book. Your feedback is invaluable in our pursuit of simplifying
these two fascinating subjects for students. Please feel free to reach out to us at .
We sincerely hope that this second edition will prove to be even more beneficial and user-friendly
for nursing students, helping them develop a strong foundation in anatomy and physiology. May this
knowledge empower them to become compassionate caregivers, fostering optimal patient care and
making a positive impact on society.
Krishna Garg
Medha Joshi
