NYU Bridge Exam 4 Questions with
Complete Solutions37
Operating System (OS) - ANSWERS-The system software that controls the way in which a
computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software.
Not a part of the hardware of a computer and does not include applications.
What do applications and OS interact with? - ANSWERS-Applications interact with the OS and
the OS interacts with the hardware
kernel - ANSWERS-The OS?
JCL - ANSWERS-Job control language, tells OS what facilities, files, NW connects, etc. what
program needed, JCL would indicate what program needed before starting the program
HAL - ANSWERS-Hardware Abstraction Layer, a layer which can provide the kernel with a set of
functions to call which program the hardware properly. set of functions that the kernel could
call to perform tasks on various hardware
UNIX - ANSWERS-A multi user, multi tasking OS. Designed to allow users to manager their own
tasks, released into public domain with open sources. Had been modified many times. Various
commercial versions of UNIX.
Kernel Layer - ANSWERS-Kernel layer software written by companies that design hardware.
Provides functions for kernel to call in order to access the hardware. Was the cause of blue
screen of death before WHQL
,WHQL - ANSWERS-Windows Hardware Quality Labs, MS certifying drivers so wouldn't crash the
OS
Kernel Mode vs User Mode - ANSWERS-Kernel mode has complete access to the system. Easier
to update things outside of Kernel rather than inside, most of work done on kernel done outside
of kernel mode
Micro Kernel - ANSWERS-Contains primitive processes, secondary storage, and virtual memory
Primitive Processes - ANSWERS-In micro kernel, scheduling and resource management. All 3
necessary to have OS
Secondary Storage - ANSWERS-In micro kernel level, access other code and components of the
OS and programs (low level)
Virtual Memory (OS levels) - ANSWERS-In micro kernel level, memory management
What is a process? - ANSWERS-A running program in a system state made up of code, data, and
context
Context - ANSWERS-Info about running program
List 5 State Process Model - ANSWERS-New state
Ready state
Running state
Blocked state
Exit state
,State - ANSWERS-One condition a program might be in. Process will spend a good amount of
time in each of the states
New state - ANSWERS-All processes start here. This is when the process being created and code
for processes will have to be loaded from 2nd storage to main memory
Ready state - ANSWERS-OS has all processes which have all their parts ready to go. Waiting for
processes to become available to run each process
Processor - ANSWERS-Only place where code can run
Running State - ANSWERS-When process is running on the processor. Once it times out it will
stay in running state, will move to ready state, blocked, or exit
Blocked state - ANSWERS-No longer ready to run, not running but not finished
Exit State - ANSWERS-When a process finally finished and is waiting to be cleaned up and
terminated. Return value must be given back to parent process. If a process is in exit state, it has
not returned the element back yet
Suspension - ANSWERS-When process is still ready to run but isn't actually running or runnable.
This is when process is completely removed from main memory. Process is stored on 2nd
sotrage for future retirn to the point left off, free main memory for other processes. Controlled
my medium-termed scheduling. The process will not be aware that it is suspended
Medium-Termed Scheduling - ANSWERS-Determining which process to suspend
What are the reasons for suspension? - ANSWERS-Debugging, freeing main memory, long term
delay
, Ready/Suspend State - ANSWERS-Process moves to this after being in blocked suspended state
Blocked/Suspended - ANSWERS-After this process will move to ready/suspend state
Process Image - the PCB - ANSWERS-Includes all info OS needed tor run and control the process.
Contains memory, IO, file tables, and stack
Memory Tables - ANSWERS-Useful for paging and segmentation
IO Tables - ANSWERS-Which devices the process has access to
File Tables - ANSWERS-Which files the process has access to
Stack - ANSWERS-The call stack including all active functions
Process Image - ANSWERS-This is where process is stored, memory table has pointers to this
process image
Contents of a PCB - ANSWERS-Numeric IDs, registers, stack pointers, scheduling, linkages, IPC,
resources, memory
Numeric IDs - ANSWERS-PID, PPID, UID
PID - ANSWERS-Process identifier, numeric value unique for this process
Complete Solutions37
Operating System (OS) - ANSWERS-The system software that controls the way in which a
computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software.
Not a part of the hardware of a computer and does not include applications.
What do applications and OS interact with? - ANSWERS-Applications interact with the OS and
the OS interacts with the hardware
kernel - ANSWERS-The OS?
JCL - ANSWERS-Job control language, tells OS what facilities, files, NW connects, etc. what
program needed, JCL would indicate what program needed before starting the program
HAL - ANSWERS-Hardware Abstraction Layer, a layer which can provide the kernel with a set of
functions to call which program the hardware properly. set of functions that the kernel could
call to perform tasks on various hardware
UNIX - ANSWERS-A multi user, multi tasking OS. Designed to allow users to manager their own
tasks, released into public domain with open sources. Had been modified many times. Various
commercial versions of UNIX.
Kernel Layer - ANSWERS-Kernel layer software written by companies that design hardware.
Provides functions for kernel to call in order to access the hardware. Was the cause of blue
screen of death before WHQL
,WHQL - ANSWERS-Windows Hardware Quality Labs, MS certifying drivers so wouldn't crash the
OS
Kernel Mode vs User Mode - ANSWERS-Kernel mode has complete access to the system. Easier
to update things outside of Kernel rather than inside, most of work done on kernel done outside
of kernel mode
Micro Kernel - ANSWERS-Contains primitive processes, secondary storage, and virtual memory
Primitive Processes - ANSWERS-In micro kernel, scheduling and resource management. All 3
necessary to have OS
Secondary Storage - ANSWERS-In micro kernel level, access other code and components of the
OS and programs (low level)
Virtual Memory (OS levels) - ANSWERS-In micro kernel level, memory management
What is a process? - ANSWERS-A running program in a system state made up of code, data, and
context
Context - ANSWERS-Info about running program
List 5 State Process Model - ANSWERS-New state
Ready state
Running state
Blocked state
Exit state
,State - ANSWERS-One condition a program might be in. Process will spend a good amount of
time in each of the states
New state - ANSWERS-All processes start here. This is when the process being created and code
for processes will have to be loaded from 2nd storage to main memory
Ready state - ANSWERS-OS has all processes which have all their parts ready to go. Waiting for
processes to become available to run each process
Processor - ANSWERS-Only place where code can run
Running State - ANSWERS-When process is running on the processor. Once it times out it will
stay in running state, will move to ready state, blocked, or exit
Blocked state - ANSWERS-No longer ready to run, not running but not finished
Exit State - ANSWERS-When a process finally finished and is waiting to be cleaned up and
terminated. Return value must be given back to parent process. If a process is in exit state, it has
not returned the element back yet
Suspension - ANSWERS-When process is still ready to run but isn't actually running or runnable.
This is when process is completely removed from main memory. Process is stored on 2nd
sotrage for future retirn to the point left off, free main memory for other processes. Controlled
my medium-termed scheduling. The process will not be aware that it is suspended
Medium-Termed Scheduling - ANSWERS-Determining which process to suspend
What are the reasons for suspension? - ANSWERS-Debugging, freeing main memory, long term
delay
, Ready/Suspend State - ANSWERS-Process moves to this after being in blocked suspended state
Blocked/Suspended - ANSWERS-After this process will move to ready/suspend state
Process Image - the PCB - ANSWERS-Includes all info OS needed tor run and control the process.
Contains memory, IO, file tables, and stack
Memory Tables - ANSWERS-Useful for paging and segmentation
IO Tables - ANSWERS-Which devices the process has access to
File Tables - ANSWERS-Which files the process has access to
Stack - ANSWERS-The call stack including all active functions
Process Image - ANSWERS-This is where process is stored, memory table has pointers to this
process image
Contents of a PCB - ANSWERS-Numeric IDs, registers, stack pointers, scheduling, linkages, IPC,
resources, memory
Numeric IDs - ANSWERS-PID, PPID, UID
PID - ANSWERS-Process identifier, numeric value unique for this process
