UCF Biomed Exit Exam Terms| latest
|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED
(frequently tested) QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GET IT 100%
ACCURATE!!
Prokaryote -ANSWER✅✅✅Cell lacking nucleus & membrane-bound organelles; 70S
ribosomes; circular DNA.
Eukaryote -ANSWER✅✅✅Cell with nucleus & organelles; 80S ribosomes; linear
chromosomes.
Differences Between Bacteria and Archaea -ANSWER✅✅✅Bacteria have
peptidoglycan; Archaea have pseudomurein or S-layers and ether-linked membranes;
often extremophiles.
Peptidoglycan -ANSWER✅✅✅Structural polymer of bacterial cell walls; thick in
Gram+, thin in Gram-.
LPS (Endotoxin) -ANSWER✅✅✅Component of Gram- outer membrane; lipid A
triggers fever and septic shock.
Capsule/Glycocalyx -ANSWER✅✅✅Protective outer layer; prevents phagocytosis;
aids in adhesion; virulence factor.
Flagella -ANSWER✅✅✅Protein filaments for motility; rotate for chemotaxis.
Pili/Fimbriae -ANSWER✅✅✅Attachment structures; sex pilus used in conjugation.
Gram+ vs. Gram- -ANSWER✅✅✅Gram+: thick peptidoglycan, purple stain; Gram-:
thin peptidoglycan + LPS outer membrane, pink stain.
Binary Fission -ANSWER✅✅✅Asexual division used by bacteria to replicate.
Growth Phases -ANSWER✅✅✅Lag → Log (exponential) → Stationary → Death.
, Generation Time -ANSWER✅✅✅Time required for a population to double.
Aseptic Technique -ANSWER✅✅✅Procedures to prevent contamination of samples.
Sterilization -ANSWER✅✅✅Complete destruction of all microbes including
endospores.
Disinfection -ANSWER✅✅✅Reduction of pathogens on surfaces.
Selective Toxicity -ANSWER✅✅✅Targeting microbial structures absent in humans.
Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms -ANSWER✅✅✅Efflux pumps, target modification,
enzyme inactivation, R-plasmids.
Transformation -ANSWER✅✅✅Uptake of naked DNA from environment.
Conjugation -ANSWER✅✅✅DNA transfer via sex pilus.
Transduction -ANSWER✅✅✅Virus (phage)-mediated DNA transfer.
R-Plasmid -ANSWER✅✅✅Plasmid containing antibiotic resistance genes.
Lytic Cycle -ANSWER✅✅✅Phage replicates and lyses host.
Lysogenic Cycle -ANSWER✅✅✅Phage integrates into host genome as a prophage.
Endospores -ANSWER✅✅✅Highly resistant bacterial structures formed under stress.
Semiconservative Replication -ANSWER✅✅✅Each new DNA molecule contains one
old and one new strand.
DNA Polymerase -ANSWER✅✅✅Enzyme that synthesizes DNA 5'→3'.
RNA Polymerase -ANSWER✅✅✅Transcribes RNA from DNA template.
Helicase -ANSWER✅✅✅Unwinds DNA.
Ligase -ANSWER✅✅✅Seals Okazaki fragments.
Okazaki Fragment -ANSWER✅✅✅Short DNA pieces on lagging strand.
|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED
(frequently tested) QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GET IT 100%
ACCURATE!!
Prokaryote -ANSWER✅✅✅Cell lacking nucleus & membrane-bound organelles; 70S
ribosomes; circular DNA.
Eukaryote -ANSWER✅✅✅Cell with nucleus & organelles; 80S ribosomes; linear
chromosomes.
Differences Between Bacteria and Archaea -ANSWER✅✅✅Bacteria have
peptidoglycan; Archaea have pseudomurein or S-layers and ether-linked membranes;
often extremophiles.
Peptidoglycan -ANSWER✅✅✅Structural polymer of bacterial cell walls; thick in
Gram+, thin in Gram-.
LPS (Endotoxin) -ANSWER✅✅✅Component of Gram- outer membrane; lipid A
triggers fever and septic shock.
Capsule/Glycocalyx -ANSWER✅✅✅Protective outer layer; prevents phagocytosis;
aids in adhesion; virulence factor.
Flagella -ANSWER✅✅✅Protein filaments for motility; rotate for chemotaxis.
Pili/Fimbriae -ANSWER✅✅✅Attachment structures; sex pilus used in conjugation.
Gram+ vs. Gram- -ANSWER✅✅✅Gram+: thick peptidoglycan, purple stain; Gram-:
thin peptidoglycan + LPS outer membrane, pink stain.
Binary Fission -ANSWER✅✅✅Asexual division used by bacteria to replicate.
Growth Phases -ANSWER✅✅✅Lag → Log (exponential) → Stationary → Death.
, Generation Time -ANSWER✅✅✅Time required for a population to double.
Aseptic Technique -ANSWER✅✅✅Procedures to prevent contamination of samples.
Sterilization -ANSWER✅✅✅Complete destruction of all microbes including
endospores.
Disinfection -ANSWER✅✅✅Reduction of pathogens on surfaces.
Selective Toxicity -ANSWER✅✅✅Targeting microbial structures absent in humans.
Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms -ANSWER✅✅✅Efflux pumps, target modification,
enzyme inactivation, R-plasmids.
Transformation -ANSWER✅✅✅Uptake of naked DNA from environment.
Conjugation -ANSWER✅✅✅DNA transfer via sex pilus.
Transduction -ANSWER✅✅✅Virus (phage)-mediated DNA transfer.
R-Plasmid -ANSWER✅✅✅Plasmid containing antibiotic resistance genes.
Lytic Cycle -ANSWER✅✅✅Phage replicates and lyses host.
Lysogenic Cycle -ANSWER✅✅✅Phage integrates into host genome as a prophage.
Endospores -ANSWER✅✅✅Highly resistant bacterial structures formed under stress.
Semiconservative Replication -ANSWER✅✅✅Each new DNA molecule contains one
old and one new strand.
DNA Polymerase -ANSWER✅✅✅Enzyme that synthesizes DNA 5'→3'.
RNA Polymerase -ANSWER✅✅✅Transcribes RNA from DNA template.
Helicase -ANSWER✅✅✅Unwinds DNA.
Ligase -ANSWER✅✅✅Seals Okazaki fragments.
Okazaki Fragment -ANSWER✅✅✅Short DNA pieces on lagging strand.
