Pathophysiology Exam 1 New Version Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding.The
Because the changes are due to an imbalance, they would be considered pathologic hyperplasia, a
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal
term more descriptive than simple hyperplasia.The endometrial changes were not abnormal in size
imbalances.These cellular changes would be referred to as
and shape; thus, it is not dysplasia regardless of cause.
a.dysplasia.
b.pathologic dysplasia.
The correct answer is: pathologic hyperplasia.
c.hyperplasia.
d.pathologic hyperplasia.
Necrosis is the sum of cellular changes after local cell death. Cellularadaptation is a reversible,
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that
structural, or functional response to both normal or physiologic conditions and adverse or
causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of
pathologic conditions. Calcification is an accumulation of calcium salts. Apoptosisis an active process
organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
of cellular self-destruction.
a.adaptation
b.calcification
The correct answer is: necrosis
c.apoptosis
d.necrosis
, When planning care for a cardiac patient,the nurse knows that in Hypertrophy is a compensatory increase in the size of cells in response to mechanical stimuli (also
response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will called mechanical load or stress, such as from stretching,repetitive, chronic, pressure, or volume
experience hypertrophy which is an a.increase in size. overload) and consequently increases the size of the affected organ. The cells of the heart and kidneys
are particularly prone to enlargement. A decrease in length is not associated with hypertrophy.A
b.decrease in length. deficiency of electrolytes or minerals could lead to an increase in excitability; it is not due to increased
c.increase in excitability. workload or related to hypertrophy. A decrease in cell numbers is referred to as hypoplasia.
d.decrease in number.
The correct answer is: increase in size.
When a nurse is checking a urinalysis, the finding that would alert the The presence of protein in the urine in significant amounts indicates cellular injury and altered cellular
nurse to cellular injury is the presence of a.slight glucose. function. Neither glucose nor blood is normally present in the urine, but its presence is not indicative
of altered cellular function. Urea is an expected substance in the kidney.
b.excessive protein.
c.blood.
The correct answer is: excessive protein.
d.urea.
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,sometimes a less
respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals differentiated cell type. Anaplasia is loss of cellular differentiation. Hyperplasia is an increase in the
that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division. Dysplasia refers to abnormal
columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called changes in the size,shape,and organization of mature cells.
a.anaplasia. The correct answer is: metaplasia.
b.hyperplasia.
c.metaplasia.
d.dysplasia.
It is the lungs hyperventilating that would compensate for metabolic acidosis by blowing off CO2,
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will not any function associated with the kidneys. CO2 retention would increase the acidotic state.
compensate by a.excreting H+ through the kidneys. Aldosterone would conserve water but does
not help compensate for acidosis.
b.hyperventilating.
c.retaining CO2 in the lungs.
d.secreting aldosterone. The correct answer is: hyperventilating.
A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided When sodium and water enter the cell freely, cellular swelling, as well as early dilation of the
in the development of swelling? endoplasmic reticulum, results. Decreased ATP would lead to swelling. Chloride movement out of
the cell would affect muscle contraction but does not lead to swelling. Increased oncotic pressure
would not affect swelling.
a.Increased ATP
b.Chloride movement out of the cell
The correct answer is: Na+movement into the cell
c. Na+ movement into the cell
d.Decreased oncotic pressure
Respiratory acidosis occurs with hypoventilation, and pneumonia leads to
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? hypoventilation.Vomiting leads to loss of acids and then to alkalosis.
Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is caused by an increase in
noncarbonic acids.
a.Vomiting
b.Hyperventilation
c.Pneumonia The correct answer is: Pneumonia
d.An increase in noncarbonic acids
Detailed Answers
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding.The
Because the changes are due to an imbalance, they would be considered pathologic hyperplasia, a
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal
term more descriptive than simple hyperplasia.The endometrial changes were not abnormal in size
imbalances.These cellular changes would be referred to as
and shape; thus, it is not dysplasia regardless of cause.
a.dysplasia.
b.pathologic dysplasia.
The correct answer is: pathologic hyperplasia.
c.hyperplasia.
d.pathologic hyperplasia.
Necrosis is the sum of cellular changes after local cell death. Cellularadaptation is a reversible,
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that
structural, or functional response to both normal or physiologic conditions and adverse or
causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of
pathologic conditions. Calcification is an accumulation of calcium salts. Apoptosisis an active process
organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
of cellular self-destruction.
a.adaptation
b.calcification
The correct answer is: necrosis
c.apoptosis
d.necrosis
, When planning care for a cardiac patient,the nurse knows that in Hypertrophy is a compensatory increase in the size of cells in response to mechanical stimuli (also
response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will called mechanical load or stress, such as from stretching,repetitive, chronic, pressure, or volume
experience hypertrophy which is an a.increase in size. overload) and consequently increases the size of the affected organ. The cells of the heart and kidneys
are particularly prone to enlargement. A decrease in length is not associated with hypertrophy.A
b.decrease in length. deficiency of electrolytes or minerals could lead to an increase in excitability; it is not due to increased
c.increase in excitability. workload or related to hypertrophy. A decrease in cell numbers is referred to as hypoplasia.
d.decrease in number.
The correct answer is: increase in size.
When a nurse is checking a urinalysis, the finding that would alert the The presence of protein in the urine in significant amounts indicates cellular injury and altered cellular
nurse to cellular injury is the presence of a.slight glucose. function. Neither glucose nor blood is normally present in the urine, but its presence is not indicative
of altered cellular function. Urea is an expected substance in the kidney.
b.excessive protein.
c.blood.
The correct answer is: excessive protein.
d.urea.
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another,sometimes a less
respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals differentiated cell type. Anaplasia is loss of cellular differentiation. Hyperplasia is an increase in the
that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division. Dysplasia refers to abnormal
columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called changes in the size,shape,and organization of mature cells.
a.anaplasia. The correct answer is: metaplasia.
b.hyperplasia.
c.metaplasia.
d.dysplasia.
It is the lungs hyperventilating that would compensate for metabolic acidosis by blowing off CO2,
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will not any function associated with the kidneys. CO2 retention would increase the acidotic state.
compensate by a.excreting H+ through the kidneys. Aldosterone would conserve water but does
not help compensate for acidosis.
b.hyperventilating.
c.retaining CO2 in the lungs.
d.secreting aldosterone. The correct answer is: hyperventilating.
A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided When sodium and water enter the cell freely, cellular swelling, as well as early dilation of the
in the development of swelling? endoplasmic reticulum, results. Decreased ATP would lead to swelling. Chloride movement out of
the cell would affect muscle contraction but does not lead to swelling. Increased oncotic pressure
would not affect swelling.
a.Increased ATP
b.Chloride movement out of the cell
The correct answer is: Na+movement into the cell
c. Na+ movement into the cell
d.Decreased oncotic pressure
Respiratory acidosis occurs with hypoventilation, and pneumonia leads to
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? hypoventilation.Vomiting leads to loss of acids and then to alkalosis.
Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is caused by an increase in
noncarbonic acids.
a.Vomiting
b.Hyperventilation
c.Pneumonia The correct answer is: Pneumonia
d.An increase in noncarbonic acids
