PSE 322 Midterm Review Question
and answers already passed
2025/2026
Non-integrated mill - correct answer ✔Pulp is purchased in the form of dry bales.
These mills utilize a pulper.
Thick stock - correct answer ✔Slurries with consistency of 3-5%.
Refining - correct answer ✔An early technology of this mechanism is the Hollander beater, which is
oval in shape.
Repeated passes through a beating operation tend to make the fibers more flexible and comfortable.
This increases the area of adhesion (RBA) between fibers.
Blend chest - correct answer ✔The location in which papermakers combine different streams of stock
into the system. Refining of each type of fiber is done before this location.
Machine Chest - correct answer ✔Acts as a buffer capacity in the system. Provides a reservoir of stock
so that papermakers can make quick adjustments in the rate at which stock is pumped towards the
paper machine.
Freeness - correct answer ✔A measure of the rate at which water drains from fiber in the forming
process.
Allows papermakers to achieve a better combo of strength properties at a given level of freeness. -
correct answer ✔What is the purpose of separate refining?
,Tickle refiners - correct answer ✔By having one or more of these relatively late in the process,
papermakers can make quick adjustments and begin to see the results of such adjustments a few
minutes later.
The refining plates and general design of these are often selected to give a relatively harsh, cutting
action.
Increase in load and decrease in space between refining plates = decrease in freeness and fiber length.
Stuff box - correct answer ✔Provides a constant head so that the flow of thick-stock furnish to the
paper machine can be accurately controlled with a valve farther downstream. Excess furnish is
recirculated back into the machine chest. Often the last point where a chemical can be added as a
stream coming out of a simple hose at ambient pressure.
Stock valve - correct answer ✔A papermakers primary tool for adjusting the basis weight of paper.
Controls the flow of thick stock to the paper machine.
A constant head
A steady, known value consistency
An accurate measurement of the total flow - correct answer ✔Steady, accurate control of thick stock
flow requires 3 things:
Mag meter - correct answer ✔Magnetic flow analyzer
Obtains an accurate measure of total flow
After screening. This point is often positioned close enough after the pressure screens so that it can still
take advantage of the turbulent eddies generated by that operation. - correct answer ✔When is the
last chance to add a chemical?
Ring header - correct answer ✔Utilized to add chemical at four different points around the
circumference of the stock line. Often used for retention aid.
, Injection quill - correct answer ✔A type of pipe arrangement that discharges the additive near to the
center of flow within the stock line.
Approach Flow - correct answer ✔Conveys the stock to the paper machine headbox, and at the same
time, spread the flow so that it matches the width of the paper machine.
Intake manifold - correct answer ✔Where the flow is spread to the width of the paper machine. On
older paper machines this may consist of a series of dividing pipes.
Now it consists of a tapering header with tubes coming off from it at a right angle.
To knock down foam and prevent accumulation of deposits at the water line. - correct answer ✔Why
are showers placed within air-padded headboxes?
Action - correct answer ✔A moderate level of _______ tends to increase the rate of drainage and
produce a less flocky sheet. If it is too severe, blemishes can occur in the paper, sometimes leading to
web breaks.
White water - correct answer ✔Water that is removed from the wet web in the forming section.
This includes water that is removed by gravity, by the action of hydrofoils, by blades or forming rolls (in
some twin wire systems), or vacuum.
There is the presence of fine material, such as fiber fines, mineral fillers, and bubbles of air.
Scatters light
Tray - correct answer ✔A collection system for white water that drains by gravity or is removed by the
hydrofoils. Papermakers often test samples of white water from these sections to get an idea of how
well fine materials are being retained during the forming process.
Silo - correct answer ✔Very subtle, because it all happens in a tank.
and answers already passed
2025/2026
Non-integrated mill - correct answer ✔Pulp is purchased in the form of dry bales.
These mills utilize a pulper.
Thick stock - correct answer ✔Slurries with consistency of 3-5%.
Refining - correct answer ✔An early technology of this mechanism is the Hollander beater, which is
oval in shape.
Repeated passes through a beating operation tend to make the fibers more flexible and comfortable.
This increases the area of adhesion (RBA) between fibers.
Blend chest - correct answer ✔The location in which papermakers combine different streams of stock
into the system. Refining of each type of fiber is done before this location.
Machine Chest - correct answer ✔Acts as a buffer capacity in the system. Provides a reservoir of stock
so that papermakers can make quick adjustments in the rate at which stock is pumped towards the
paper machine.
Freeness - correct answer ✔A measure of the rate at which water drains from fiber in the forming
process.
Allows papermakers to achieve a better combo of strength properties at a given level of freeness. -
correct answer ✔What is the purpose of separate refining?
,Tickle refiners - correct answer ✔By having one or more of these relatively late in the process,
papermakers can make quick adjustments and begin to see the results of such adjustments a few
minutes later.
The refining plates and general design of these are often selected to give a relatively harsh, cutting
action.
Increase in load and decrease in space between refining plates = decrease in freeness and fiber length.
Stuff box - correct answer ✔Provides a constant head so that the flow of thick-stock furnish to the
paper machine can be accurately controlled with a valve farther downstream. Excess furnish is
recirculated back into the machine chest. Often the last point where a chemical can be added as a
stream coming out of a simple hose at ambient pressure.
Stock valve - correct answer ✔A papermakers primary tool for adjusting the basis weight of paper.
Controls the flow of thick stock to the paper machine.
A constant head
A steady, known value consistency
An accurate measurement of the total flow - correct answer ✔Steady, accurate control of thick stock
flow requires 3 things:
Mag meter - correct answer ✔Magnetic flow analyzer
Obtains an accurate measure of total flow
After screening. This point is often positioned close enough after the pressure screens so that it can still
take advantage of the turbulent eddies generated by that operation. - correct answer ✔When is the
last chance to add a chemical?
Ring header - correct answer ✔Utilized to add chemical at four different points around the
circumference of the stock line. Often used for retention aid.
, Injection quill - correct answer ✔A type of pipe arrangement that discharges the additive near to the
center of flow within the stock line.
Approach Flow - correct answer ✔Conveys the stock to the paper machine headbox, and at the same
time, spread the flow so that it matches the width of the paper machine.
Intake manifold - correct answer ✔Where the flow is spread to the width of the paper machine. On
older paper machines this may consist of a series of dividing pipes.
Now it consists of a tapering header with tubes coming off from it at a right angle.
To knock down foam and prevent accumulation of deposits at the water line. - correct answer ✔Why
are showers placed within air-padded headboxes?
Action - correct answer ✔A moderate level of _______ tends to increase the rate of drainage and
produce a less flocky sheet. If it is too severe, blemishes can occur in the paper, sometimes leading to
web breaks.
White water - correct answer ✔Water that is removed from the wet web in the forming section.
This includes water that is removed by gravity, by the action of hydrofoils, by blades or forming rolls (in
some twin wire systems), or vacuum.
There is the presence of fine material, such as fiber fines, mineral fillers, and bubbles of air.
Scatters light
Tray - correct answer ✔A collection system for white water that drains by gravity or is removed by the
hydrofoils. Papermakers often test samples of white water from these sections to get an idea of how
well fine materials are being retained during the forming process.
Silo - correct answer ✔Very subtle, because it all happens in a tank.
