HEMATOLOGY MED-SURG EXAM LATEST 2026
UPDATE 100 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS FROM ACTUAL EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is most likely to present with which
symptom?
A. Bradycardia
B. Jaundice
C. Fatigue and pallor
D. Hypertension
Answer: C. Fatigue and pallor
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia reduces hemoglobin, leading to decreased
oxygen delivery, causing fatigue and pallor.
2. Which laboratory finding is expected in iron deficiency anemia?
A. Increased ferritin
B. Decreased serum iron
C. Increased MCV
D. Increased hematocrit
Answer: B. Decreased serum iron
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low serum iron and low
ferritin levels.
3. Which food is best recommended for a patient with iron deficiency anemia?
A. White rice
B. Milk
,C. Liver
D. Apple juice
Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: Organ meats are rich in heme iron, which is easily absorbed.
4. A major side effect of oral iron therapy is:
A. Hypotension
B. Constipation
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Constipation
Rationale: Iron supplements commonly cause gastrointestinal effects including
constipation.
5. Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly associated with:
A. Microcytic anemia
B. Normocytic anemia
C. Macrocytic anemia
D. Sickle cell anemia
Answer: C. Macrocytic anemia
Rationale: B12 deficiency leads to impaired DNA synthesis, producing enlarged red
blood cells.
6. A classic neurological symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency is:
A. Peripheral neuropathy
B. Hypertension
C. Hearing loss
D. Tachycardia
,Answer: A. Peripheral neuropathy
Rationale: B12 deficiency damages myelin, leading to neurological deficits.
7. Pernicious anemia is caused by deficiency of:
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Vitamin C
C. Folate
D. Iron
Answer: A. Intrinsic factor
Rationale: Lack of intrinsic factor prevents vitamin B12 absorption.
8. The most common symptom of anemia is:
A. Polyuria
B. Fatigue
C. Edema
D. Fever
Answer: B. Fatigue
Rationale: Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity leads to generalized fatigue.
9. Sickle cell anemia is caused by:
A. Iron deficiency
B. Genetic mutation in hemoglobin
C. Vitamin deficiency
D. Bone marrow suppression
Answer: B. Genetic mutation in hemoglobin
Rationale: A mutation in beta-globin causes hemoglobin S formation.
, 10. A hallmark of sickle cell crisis is:
A. Hypothermia
B. Severe pain
C. Bradycardia
D. Polyuria
Answer: B. Severe pain
Rationale: Vaso-occlusion leads to ischemia and severe pain.
11. Priority intervention during sickle cell crisis is:
A. Restrict fluids
B. Oxygen therapy and hydration
C. Administer vitamin K
D. Encourage ambulation
Answer: B. Oxygen therapy and hydration
Rationale: Oxygen and fluids reduce sickling and improve perfusion.
12. Which trigger can precipitate sickle cell crisis?
A. High humidity
B. Dehydration
C. High calcium intake
D. Rest
Answer: B. Dehydration
Rationale: Dehydration increases blood viscosity, worsening sickling.
13. Thalassemia is characterized by:
A. Increased RBC production
B. Defective globin chain synthesis
UPDATE 100 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS FROM ACTUAL EXAMS TEST GRADE A+
1. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is most likely to present with which
symptom?
A. Bradycardia
B. Jaundice
C. Fatigue and pallor
D. Hypertension
Answer: C. Fatigue and pallor
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia reduces hemoglobin, leading to decreased
oxygen delivery, causing fatigue and pallor.
2. Which laboratory finding is expected in iron deficiency anemia?
A. Increased ferritin
B. Decreased serum iron
C. Increased MCV
D. Increased hematocrit
Answer: B. Decreased serum iron
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low serum iron and low
ferritin levels.
3. Which food is best recommended for a patient with iron deficiency anemia?
A. White rice
B. Milk
,C. Liver
D. Apple juice
Answer: C. Liver
Rationale: Organ meats are rich in heme iron, which is easily absorbed.
4. A major side effect of oral iron therapy is:
A. Hypotension
B. Constipation
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: B. Constipation
Rationale: Iron supplements commonly cause gastrointestinal effects including
constipation.
5. Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly associated with:
A. Microcytic anemia
B. Normocytic anemia
C. Macrocytic anemia
D. Sickle cell anemia
Answer: C. Macrocytic anemia
Rationale: B12 deficiency leads to impaired DNA synthesis, producing enlarged red
blood cells.
6. A classic neurological symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency is:
A. Peripheral neuropathy
B. Hypertension
C. Hearing loss
D. Tachycardia
,Answer: A. Peripheral neuropathy
Rationale: B12 deficiency damages myelin, leading to neurological deficits.
7. Pernicious anemia is caused by deficiency of:
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Vitamin C
C. Folate
D. Iron
Answer: A. Intrinsic factor
Rationale: Lack of intrinsic factor prevents vitamin B12 absorption.
8. The most common symptom of anemia is:
A. Polyuria
B. Fatigue
C. Edema
D. Fever
Answer: B. Fatigue
Rationale: Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity leads to generalized fatigue.
9. Sickle cell anemia is caused by:
A. Iron deficiency
B. Genetic mutation in hemoglobin
C. Vitamin deficiency
D. Bone marrow suppression
Answer: B. Genetic mutation in hemoglobin
Rationale: A mutation in beta-globin causes hemoglobin S formation.
, 10. A hallmark of sickle cell crisis is:
A. Hypothermia
B. Severe pain
C. Bradycardia
D. Polyuria
Answer: B. Severe pain
Rationale: Vaso-occlusion leads to ischemia and severe pain.
11. Priority intervention during sickle cell crisis is:
A. Restrict fluids
B. Oxygen therapy and hydration
C. Administer vitamin K
D. Encourage ambulation
Answer: B. Oxygen therapy and hydration
Rationale: Oxygen and fluids reduce sickling and improve perfusion.
12. Which trigger can precipitate sickle cell crisis?
A. High humidity
B. Dehydration
C. High calcium intake
D. Rest
Answer: B. Dehydration
Rationale: Dehydration increases blood viscosity, worsening sickling.
13. Thalassemia is characterized by:
A. Increased RBC production
B. Defective globin chain synthesis
