Neurobiology Exam 4
Why do we mimic ependymal CSF when looking To keep brain tissue alive and functioning under
at brain sections? the microscope.
What enzyme synthesizes GABA? GAD
What are the main excitatory and inhibitory Excitatory: Glutamate
neurotransmitters? Inhibitory: GABA and glycine
GABA: Brain + brainstem (also spinal cord)
Where are GABA and glycine mainly found?
Glycine: Spinal cord (also brain + brainstem)
What type of receptor is GABA_A and what ion
Ionotropic, Cl- channel
does it use?
What type of receptor is GABA_B and how does Metabotropic (GPCR), opens K+ channels —>
it work? long-lasting inhibition
What type of receptor is the glycine receptor? Ionotropic Cl- channel
Cl- influx and K+efflux both lead to
What ion movement causes inhibition?
hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane
What is an IPSP?
(fast via ionotropic, slow via GPCR)
What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter? Glutamate
What type of receptors are AMPA and NMDA? Ionotropic
Blocked by Mg2+ at rest, require depolarization
What is special about NMDA receptors?
via AMPA, and require glycine as co-agonist
What ion(s) flow through NMDA receptors? Na+ and Ca+
What causes excitation at the postsynaptic
Na+ (and Ca2+) influx —> depolarization
membrane?
Depolarization of postsynaptic membrane (fast
What is an EPSP?
ionotropic, slow via GPCR)
What enzyme synthesizes ACh? ChAT
What enzyme breaks down ACh? AChE (Acetylcholinesterase)
Why do we mimic ependymal CSF when looking To keep brain tissue alive and functioning under
at brain sections? the microscope.
What enzyme synthesizes GABA? GAD
What are the main excitatory and inhibitory Excitatory: Glutamate
neurotransmitters? Inhibitory: GABA and glycine
GABA: Brain + brainstem (also spinal cord)
Where are GABA and glycine mainly found?
Glycine: Spinal cord (also brain + brainstem)
What type of receptor is GABA_A and what ion
Ionotropic, Cl- channel
does it use?
What type of receptor is GABA_B and how does Metabotropic (GPCR), opens K+ channels —>
it work? long-lasting inhibition
What type of receptor is the glycine receptor? Ionotropic Cl- channel
Cl- influx and K+efflux both lead to
What ion movement causes inhibition?
hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane
What is an IPSP?
(fast via ionotropic, slow via GPCR)
What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter? Glutamate
What type of receptors are AMPA and NMDA? Ionotropic
Blocked by Mg2+ at rest, require depolarization
What is special about NMDA receptors?
via AMPA, and require glycine as co-agonist
What ion(s) flow through NMDA receptors? Na+ and Ca+
What causes excitation at the postsynaptic
Na+ (and Ca2+) influx —> depolarization
membrane?
Depolarization of postsynaptic membrane (fast
What is an EPSP?
ionotropic, slow via GPCR)
What enzyme synthesizes ACh? ChAT
What enzyme breaks down ACh? AChE (Acetylcholinesterase)
