NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
Final Exam Practice Question and
Answer Concordia University, St.
Paul
what is a shift to the left?
increase in babybands, mature neutrophils overwhelmed
what WBCs is associated with chronic inflammation?
monocytes basophils
what WBCs are associated with allergies?
eosinophils
what is immunosenescence?
gradual decrease of immune response due to aging
bone marrow/thymus =less efficent
lower immune cells t and b
what cells are in bone marrow?
b cells
what cells are in thymus?
t cells
how does immunosenescence clinically present?
no classic signs of infection in elderly
no fever
what is neutropenic?
low WBC <4000
,NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
what is leukemia?
cancer of white blood cells
over production of immature WBCs
what cells in lymphocytic leukemia?
immature t and b cells
what cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia?
non function myeloid cells
what kind of cells are unique to hodkins lymphoma?
reed-stemburg
they are large abnormal cells with 2 nuclei
What cells is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
b cells, t cells, NK
what do NK cells do?
first responders to infection andtumors
what is anemia?
low RBC
low hemeglobin
low hemeglobin consequences
low o2 carrying capacity --->tissue hypoxia ---> fatigue pallor SOB tachycardia
what kind of anemia is due to sudden or chronic blood loss?
iron deficient
what happens in hemolytic anemia?
RBCs breakup (happens in a transfusion reaction)
, NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
causes jaundice due to increased billi
what is sickle cell anemia
abn shape of RBC
genetic
causes vessel occlusion
very painful
what is pernicious anemia
b12 deficiency
what is b12 responsible for
healthy RBC
increases myelin
what is intracranial Pressure (ICP)
hydrostatic force measured in the brain CSF compartment
what are the effects of ICP changes?
brain tissue shifts, altered blood flow, and CSF displacement.
Cushing's triad
Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
1. hypertension
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis
Sum of the volume of the brain, blood and CSF within the skull must remain
constant.increase in one must be offset by decreased volume of the other. If not, ICP
increases.
increasing ICP patho
increased pressure compresses blood vessels which results in less oxygen to brain=
cerebral hypoxia
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
Final Exam Practice Question and
Answer Concordia University, St.
Paul
what is a shift to the left?
increase in babybands, mature neutrophils overwhelmed
what WBCs is associated with chronic inflammation?
monocytes basophils
what WBCs are associated with allergies?
eosinophils
what is immunosenescence?
gradual decrease of immune response due to aging
bone marrow/thymus =less efficent
lower immune cells t and b
what cells are in bone marrow?
b cells
what cells are in thymus?
t cells
how does immunosenescence clinically present?
no classic signs of infection in elderly
no fever
what is neutropenic?
low WBC <4000
,NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
what is leukemia?
cancer of white blood cells
over production of immature WBCs
what cells in lymphocytic leukemia?
immature t and b cells
what cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia?
non function myeloid cells
what kind of cells are unique to hodkins lymphoma?
reed-stemburg
they are large abnormal cells with 2 nuclei
What cells is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
b cells, t cells, NK
what do NK cells do?
first responders to infection andtumors
what is anemia?
low RBC
low hemeglobin
low hemeglobin consequences
low o2 carrying capacity --->tissue hypoxia ---> fatigue pallor SOB tachycardia
what kind of anemia is due to sudden or chronic blood loss?
iron deficient
what happens in hemolytic anemia?
RBCs breakup (happens in a transfusion reaction)
, NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
causes jaundice due to increased billi
what is sickle cell anemia
abn shape of RBC
genetic
causes vessel occlusion
very painful
what is pernicious anemia
b12 deficiency
what is b12 responsible for
healthy RBC
increases myelin
what is intracranial Pressure (ICP)
hydrostatic force measured in the brain CSF compartment
what are the effects of ICP changes?
brain tissue shifts, altered blood flow, and CSF displacement.
Cushing's triad
Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
1. hypertension
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis
Sum of the volume of the brain, blood and CSF within the skull must remain
constant.increase in one must be offset by decreased volume of the other. If not, ICP
increases.
increasing ICP patho
increased pressure compresses blood vessels which results in less oxygen to brain=
cerebral hypoxia
