WGU C190 Introduction to Biology Objective
Assessment 2026 – Complete Actual Exam Guide |
100% Verified Q&A with Rationales | instant pdf
download
Batch 1: Chemistry of Life, Cells, and Energetics
1. Which property of water allows it to move upward through a plant's vascular system
against gravity?
A) High specific heat
B) Cohesion and Adhesion
C) Density anomaly
D) Solvent versatility
Answer: B. : Cohesion (water sticking to water) and adhesion (water sticking to the
plant walls) work together to pull water up through capillary action.
2. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A) Weakly basic
B) Neutral
C) Strongly acidic
D) Weakly acidic
Answer: C. : The pH scale ranges from 0-14. Anything below 7 is acidic; the closer to 0,
the stronger the acid.
3. Which macromolecule is the primary component of the plant cell wall?
A) Glycogen
B) Chitin
C) Cellulose
D) Starch
Answer: C. : Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that provides
structural support in plants.
4. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
, B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B. : Covalent bonds involve shared electrons. Ionic bonds involve the transfer
of electrons.
5. What is the "building block" or monomer of a protein?
A) Nucleotide
B) Monosaccharide
C) Amino Acid
D) Fatty acid
Answer: C. : Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains
(proteins).
6. Which organelle is known as the "control center" because it contains the cell's DNA?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Vacuole
Answer: B. : The nucleus houses the genetic blueprint of eukaryotic cells.
7. Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not.
B) Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
C) Eukaryotes are always unicellular.
D) Prokaryotes do not have a cell membrane.
Answer: B. : Prokaryotes (bacteria) are simpler and do not have mitochondria,
chloroplasts, or a nucleus.
8. What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Photosynthesis
C) ATP production (Cellular Respiration)
D) Lipid storage
Answer: C. : Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" that convert glucose into usable
energy (ATP).
9. In the cell membrane, the "heads" of the phospholipids are:
A) Hydrophilic (Water-loving)
B) Hydrophobic (Water-fearing)
C) Non-polar
, D) Acidic
Answer: A. : The phosphate heads are polar and hydrophilic, facing the watery
environment inside and outside the cell.
10. Which process involves moving a molecule against its concentration gradient using
ATP?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Active transport
Answer: D. : Active transport requires energy because it pushes molecules from low
concentration to high concentration.
11. What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
A) It swells and bursts.
B) It shrivels as water leaves the cell.
C) It remains the same size.
D) It begins to divide.
Answer: B. : In a hypertonic solution, the salt concentration is higher outside, so water
moves out of the cell via osmosis.
12. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Smooth ER
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: A. : Ribosomes are the sites of translation where proteins are assembled.
13. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
A) Increasing the temperature
B) Lowering the activation energy
C) Changing the end product
D) Adding more substrate
Answer: B. : Enzymes are biological catalysts that make it "easier" for a reaction to
start.
14. What are the reactants (inputs) of photosynthesis?
A) Glucose and Oxygen
B) Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight
C) ATP and CO2
D) Oxygen and Sunlight
Assessment 2026 – Complete Actual Exam Guide |
100% Verified Q&A with Rationales | instant pdf
download
Batch 1: Chemistry of Life, Cells, and Energetics
1. Which property of water allows it to move upward through a plant's vascular system
against gravity?
A) High specific heat
B) Cohesion and Adhesion
C) Density anomaly
D) Solvent versatility
Answer: B. : Cohesion (water sticking to water) and adhesion (water sticking to the
plant walls) work together to pull water up through capillary action.
2. A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:
A) Weakly basic
B) Neutral
C) Strongly acidic
D) Weakly acidic
Answer: C. : The pH scale ranges from 0-14. Anything below 7 is acidic; the closer to 0,
the stronger the acid.
3. Which macromolecule is the primary component of the plant cell wall?
A) Glycogen
B) Chitin
C) Cellulose
D) Starch
Answer: C. : Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that provides
structural support in plants.
4. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
, B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B. : Covalent bonds involve shared electrons. Ionic bonds involve the transfer
of electrons.
5. What is the "building block" or monomer of a protein?
A) Nucleotide
B) Monosaccharide
C) Amino Acid
D) Fatty acid
Answer: C. : Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains
(proteins).
6. Which organelle is known as the "control center" because it contains the cell's DNA?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Vacuole
Answer: B. : The nucleus houses the genetic blueprint of eukaryotic cells.
7. Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not.
B) Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
C) Eukaryotes are always unicellular.
D) Prokaryotes do not have a cell membrane.
Answer: B. : Prokaryotes (bacteria) are simpler and do not have mitochondria,
chloroplasts, or a nucleus.
8. What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Photosynthesis
C) ATP production (Cellular Respiration)
D) Lipid storage
Answer: C. : Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" that convert glucose into usable
energy (ATP).
9. In the cell membrane, the "heads" of the phospholipids are:
A) Hydrophilic (Water-loving)
B) Hydrophobic (Water-fearing)
C) Non-polar
, D) Acidic
Answer: A. : The phosphate heads are polar and hydrophilic, facing the watery
environment inside and outside the cell.
10. Which process involves moving a molecule against its concentration gradient using
ATP?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Active transport
Answer: D. : Active transport requires energy because it pushes molecules from low
concentration to high concentration.
11. What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
A) It swells and bursts.
B) It shrivels as water leaves the cell.
C) It remains the same size.
D) It begins to divide.
Answer: B. : In a hypertonic solution, the salt concentration is higher outside, so water
moves out of the cell via osmosis.
12. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Smooth ER
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: A. : Ribosomes are the sites of translation where proteins are assembled.
13. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:
A) Increasing the temperature
B) Lowering the activation energy
C) Changing the end product
D) Adding more substrate
Answer: B. : Enzymes are biological catalysts that make it "easier" for a reaction to
start.
14. What are the reactants (inputs) of photosynthesis?
A) Glucose and Oxygen
B) Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight
C) ATP and CO2
D) Oxygen and Sunlight
