Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Part 2 Test Bank Updated Latest 2026–2027 Comprehensive Exam Preparation Resource for Nursing Students and Healthcare Learners Covering Advanced Disease Processes and Body System Pathophysiology Concepts.

Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank


Chapter 26: Renal Function
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the
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a. glomerular basement membrane. T T



b. endothelial tight junctions. T T



c. epithelial fenestra. T



d. mesangial cells. T




ANS: A T



The basement membrane is an important selectivity barrier of the glomerulus, preventing
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plasma proteins, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets from passing through the glomerulus.
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Endothelial tight junctions, epithelial fenestra, and mesangial cells are not the primary
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selectivity barriers for glomerular filtration.
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2. The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule
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a. has no transport maximum.
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b. does not depend on sodium reabsorption.
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c. is ATP-dependent.
T



d. may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads.
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ANS: D T



The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads;
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glycosuria then results. A transport maximum does exist beyond which glycosuria occurs. A
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sodium-dependent protein c oN- tUraR
nsSpoIrN
teG sB
r iTne.
edCeO
d.MThe transporter is not ATP-dependent.
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3. The primary function of the vasa recta is to
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a. secrete renin. T



b. reabsorb NaCl. T



c. reabsorb interstitial fluid. T T



d. secrete urea. T




ANS: C T



The vasa recta are capillaries that surround the loops of Henle and collecting ducts and absorb
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interstitial fluid. The vasa recta do not secrete rennin or urea, nor do they reabsorb NaCl.
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4. Approximately two thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed
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by the
T



a. loop of Henle. T T



b. collecting tubule. T



c. distal tubule. T



d. proximal tubule. T




ANS: D T



Approximately two thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed
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by the proximal tubule. Two thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are not
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reabsorbed by the loop of Henle, collecting tubule, or distal tubule.
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, Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

5. Which finding on urinalysis should prompt further evaluation?
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a. pH 4.5 T



b. Red blood cells 2 per high-power field
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c. Specific gravity of 1.015 T T T



d. White blood cells 20 per high-power field T T T T T T




ANS: D T



This many WBCs in the urine indicate urinary tract infection; 5 or more is not expected. 4.5 is a
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normal pH. Fewer than 5 RBCs is insignificant. 1.015 is a normal specific gravity.
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6. Renin is released fromT T T



a. the posterior pituitary gland.
T T T



b. the liver. T



c. juxtaglomerular cells. T



d. macula densa cells. T T




ANS: C T



Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular cells. Renin is not released from the posterior
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pituitary gland, liver, or macula densa cells.
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7. It is true that glucose reabsorption in the tubules
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a. occurs passively. T



b. occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. T T T T T



c. is unlimited. T



d. simply does not occur. T T T




ANS: B T



Glucose reabsorption occursNi n t hRe pI
r o xiGm a lBc.o nCv o lMu t ed tubule. Glucose reabsorption is not
U S co-transporter
N T Ois required. Glucose reabsorption in the
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passive; a sodium-dependent protein T T T T T T T T T T



tubules is limited by the number of co-transporters; a threshold exists beyond which
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glycosuria will result. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule with the
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assistance of a sodium-dependent protein co-transporter.
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8. Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until
T T T T T T T T of the total nephrons have been
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damaged.
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 80%
ANS: D T



Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until 75% to 90% of the total nephrons
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have been damaged. The other answer options are incorrect.
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9. An important sign of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction is
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a. proteinuria.
b. hematuria.
c. glycosuria.
d. urinary casts. T




ANS: A T




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, Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

Proteinuria is an important sign of basement membrane dysfunction. Hematuria can be found in
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glomerular disorders but it is not specific to this; it can be caused by many disorders.
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Glycosuria is found primarily in diabetes mellitus. Urinary casts do not necessarily mean
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basement membrane dysfunction. T T




10. The main driving force for glomerular filtration is
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a. oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule. T T T T T



b. hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries. T T T T



c. permeability of the glomerular membrane. T T T T



d. solute content of the blood in the glomerular capillaries.
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ANS: B T



Hydrostatic pressure within the glomerular capillaries is the main driving force for filtration.
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A significant drop in blood pressure such as in shock severely reduces glomerular filtration.
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Oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule, permeability of the glomerular membrane, and
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solute content of the blood in the glomerular capillaries are not the main driving forces for
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filtration.

11. Factors that increase the glomerular filtration rate include
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a. fluid volume excess. T T



b. increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule.T T T T T T



c. high oncotic pressure in glomerular capillary blood.
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d. obstruction in the renal tubules. T T T T




ANS: A T



Fluid volume excess increases blood volume which increases glomerular filtration. Increased
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hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule, high oncotic pressure in the glomerular
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capillary, and obstruction of N naR
reU tuI
lS
T buNleG
sTopBp.
osCeO
fiM
ltration.
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12. The underlying mechanism which directly results in glycosuria is
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a. filtration of glucose from the glomerulus. T T T T T



b. exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption. T T T T T



c. secretion of glucose into the distal tubule. T T T T T T



d. the mechanism is unknown.
T T T




ANS: B T



Glucose is normally freely filtered but then reabsorbed from the tubules into the peritubular
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capillaries. If the threshold for reabsorption is exceeded as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus,
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glycosuria results. Glucose is freely filtered from the glomerulus; this is not the direct cause of
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glycosuria. Glucose is not secreted into the distal tubule. The underlying mechanism that
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directly results in glycosuria is exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption.
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13. Excess potassium is excreted from the body by the renal system primarily via
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a. glomerular filtration based on blood level of potassium. T T T T T T T



b. reabsorption based on blood level of potassium. T T T T T T



c. secretion based on aldosterone level. T T T T



d. an unknown mechanism.
T T




ANS: C T




NURSINGTB.COM

, Pathophysiology 6th Edition Banasik Test Bank

Potassium is secreted from the distal tubule and collecting ducts into the tubule lumen under
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the influence of aldosterone. Excess potassium is not excreted from the body by the renal
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system via glomerular filtration or the renal system based on the blood level of potassium, nor
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is it excreted from the body by the renal system based on the aldosterone level.
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14. The glomerular filtration rate is most accurately reflected in the
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a. blood urea nitrogen level. T T T



b. urinary output. T



c. serum osmolality. T



d. serum creatinine level. T T




ANS: D T



Serum creatinine is a fairly reliable indicator of glomerular filtration as it is stable. The blood
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urea nitrogen level, urinary output, and serum osmolality are affected by factors that make
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them less reliable as indicators of glomerular filtration.
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15. Serum creatinine may be increased by
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a. carbohydrate intake. T



b. fat intake. T



c. muscle breakdown. T



d. fluid intake. T




ANS: C T



Creatinine is an end product of muscle metabolism; muscle breakdown will increase the
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serum creatinine level. Serum creatinine is not affected by carbohydrate, fat, or fluid intake.
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Fluid volume deficit can increase the serum creatinine if it leads to acute renal failure.
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MULTIPLE RESPONSE T




1. Hormones that increase sodium reabsorption from the tubular fluid include (Select all that
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apply.)
a. aldosterone.
b. atrial natriuretic peptide. T T



c. antidiuretic hormone. T



d. urodilatin.
e. angiotensin II. T




ANS: A, E T T



Aldosterone and angiotensin II result in sodium reabsorption. Atrial natriuretic peptide and
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urodilatin decrease sodium reabsorption. Antidiuretic hormone does not affect sodium
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reabsorption.

2. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is affected by (Select all that apply.)
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a. protein intake. T



b. fat intake. T



c. fluid intake. T



d. catabolism.
e. renal function. T




ANS: A, C, D, E T T T T





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