COLIBRI REAL ESTATE PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
2026
▶ Appropriative Rights. Answer: Water rights allocated by government
permit, according to a right-to-use system (it is not necessary to own
property beside the body of water to apply for a usage permit).
▶ Appurtenance. Answer: A right associated with real property, such as
air, water, or mineral rights. Appurtenant rights are ordinarily transferred
with the land but may be severed from it and sold separately. Minerals are
considered real property until they are extracted from the earth. A
landowner may sell or lease mineral rights separately from the surface
land.
▶ Bundle of Rights. Answer: All real property rights that are conferred with
ownership, including the right of possession, right of enjoyment, right of
disposition, right of exclusion, and right of control.
▶ Emblement. Answer: An annual crop that is planted and cultivated by a
tenant farmer, always the personal property of the tenant farmer.
▶ Encroachment. Answer: A physical object that intrudes onto neighboring
property, often due to a mistake regarding the boundary.
, ▶ Fixture. Answer: An item of personal property that has been attached to
or closely associated with real property in such a way that it has legally
become part of the real property.
▶ Fructus Industriales. Answer: Plants planted and cultivated by people
("fruits of industry"), generally considered personal property.
▶ Fructus Naturales (also called Natural Attachments). Answer: Naturally
occurring plants ("fruits of nature"), generally considered part of real
property.
▶ Improvement. Answer: A substantial, manufactured addition to real
property, such as a building.
▶ Land. Answer: The surface of the earth and everything under the ground
to the center of the earth and everything over the earth into the air
(allowances for air traffic).
▶ Leasehold Improvement. Answer: A fixture attached to real property by
a property owner for the use of a tenant.
▶ Littoral Rights. Answer: Water rights of landowners whose land touches
a commercially navigable lake, sea, or ocean (i.e., a nonflowing body of
water).
▶ Mineral Rights. Answer: Rights to the raw materials located beneath the
surface of the land.
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
2026
▶ Appropriative Rights. Answer: Water rights allocated by government
permit, according to a right-to-use system (it is not necessary to own
property beside the body of water to apply for a usage permit).
▶ Appurtenance. Answer: A right associated with real property, such as
air, water, or mineral rights. Appurtenant rights are ordinarily transferred
with the land but may be severed from it and sold separately. Minerals are
considered real property until they are extracted from the earth. A
landowner may sell or lease mineral rights separately from the surface
land.
▶ Bundle of Rights. Answer: All real property rights that are conferred with
ownership, including the right of possession, right of enjoyment, right of
disposition, right of exclusion, and right of control.
▶ Emblement. Answer: An annual crop that is planted and cultivated by a
tenant farmer, always the personal property of the tenant farmer.
▶ Encroachment. Answer: A physical object that intrudes onto neighboring
property, often due to a mistake regarding the boundary.
, ▶ Fixture. Answer: An item of personal property that has been attached to
or closely associated with real property in such a way that it has legally
become part of the real property.
▶ Fructus Industriales. Answer: Plants planted and cultivated by people
("fruits of industry"), generally considered personal property.
▶ Fructus Naturales (also called Natural Attachments). Answer: Naturally
occurring plants ("fruits of nature"), generally considered part of real
property.
▶ Improvement. Answer: A substantial, manufactured addition to real
property, such as a building.
▶ Land. Answer: The surface of the earth and everything under the ground
to the center of the earth and everything over the earth into the air
(allowances for air traffic).
▶ Leasehold Improvement. Answer: A fixture attached to real property by
a property owner for the use of a tenant.
▶ Littoral Rights. Answer: Water rights of landowners whose land touches
a commercially navigable lake, sea, or ocean (i.e., a nonflowing body of
water).
▶ Mineral Rights. Answer: Rights to the raw materials located beneath the
surface of the land.
