Photosynthesis: Detailed Concept Notes (For Exam
Review)
1. Definition
Photosynthesis is a biochemical process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to
produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
2. General Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
3. Importance of Photosynthesis
1 Produces oxygen necessary for respiration.
2 Serves as the primary source of energy for almost all living organisms.
3 Forms the base of food chains and ecosystems.
4 Helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
4. Location of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
1 Thylakoid: Site of light-dependent reactions.
2 Stroma: Site of light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
5. Structure of Chloroplast
1 Outer membrane: Protects the organelle.
2 Inner membrane: Controls entry and exit of substances.
3 Thylakoids: Flattened sacs containing chlorophyll.
4 Grana: Stacks of thylakoids.
5 Stroma: Fluid where glucose is formed.
Review)
1. Definition
Photosynthesis is a biochemical process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to
produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).
2. General Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
3. Importance of Photosynthesis
1 Produces oxygen necessary for respiration.
2 Serves as the primary source of energy for almost all living organisms.
3 Forms the base of food chains and ecosystems.
4 Helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
4. Location of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
1 Thylakoid: Site of light-dependent reactions.
2 Stroma: Site of light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
5. Structure of Chloroplast
1 Outer membrane: Protects the organelle.
2 Inner membrane: Controls entry and exit of substances.
3 Thylakoids: Flattened sacs containing chlorophyll.
4 Grana: Stacks of thylakoids.
5 Stroma: Fluid where glucose is formed.
