NUR 257 Exam Study Guide –
Practice Questions with
Verified Answers. GRADED A+.
Latest 2026/2027 Update
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)? -
Answer✔✔-Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and
commonly focused on health promotion and adjustment to aging.
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)? -
Answer✔✔-May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes,
and increased need for support with some activities.
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)? -
Answer✔✔-More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory
changes, and greater dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)? -
Answer✔✔-A rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional
needs.
,What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of
chronic illness or disability? - Answer✔✔-Promote the highest possible level of
independence and quality of life through symptom management, pain control,
safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest, and emotional support.
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging? - Answer✔✔-The
shared beliefs, values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group
that shape how people view the world, health, illness, and care.
What is the definition of diversity? - Answer✔✔-The presence of differences
among people, including race, ethnicity, language, religion, gender, age,
socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and life experiences.
What are health disparities? - Answer✔✔-Preventable differences in health
outcomes, access to care, and quality of care experienced by certain groups
due to social, economic, environmental, and systemic inequities.
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging? -
Answer✔✔-Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about
different cultures, avoid stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use
interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and adapt care to be culturally
congruent.
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language? - Answer✔✔-Using
terms like 'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family
instead of the patient, and assuming all older adults are forgetful or
dependent.
, What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults
from diverse backgrounds? - Answer✔✔-Use culturally sensitive assessments,
provide teaching in preferred language, include family when appropriate,
respect safe traditional practices, build trust, and assess access barriers like
transportation or finances.
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Thinning of the epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Loss of muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and
joint flexibility.
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Decreased lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Reduced kidney mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Slower metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Decreased hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or
decreased testosterone and sexual response in men.
Practice Questions with
Verified Answers. GRADED A+.
Latest 2026/2027 Update
What are the defining characteristics of the young-old group (ages 65-74)? -
Answer✔✔-Often newly retired, usually more active and independent, and
commonly focused on health promotion and adjustment to aging.
What are the defining characteristics of the middle-old group (ages 75-84)? -
Answer✔✔-May begin experiencing more chronic illness, functional changes,
and increased need for support with some activities.
What are the defining characteristics of the old-old group (age 85 and older)? -
Answer✔✔-More likely to have frailty, multiple chronic conditions, sensory
changes, and greater dependence on caregivers or long-term care services.
What are the defining characteristics of centenarians (age 100 and older)? -
Answer✔✔-A rapidly growing group with unique health, social, and functional
needs.
,What are the general interventions to promote wellness in the presence of
chronic illness or disability? - Answer✔✔-Promote the highest possible level of
independence and quality of life through symptom management, pain control,
safety, nutrition, mobility, skin care, rest, and emotional support.
What is the definition of culture in the context of aging? - Answer✔✔-The
shared beliefs, values, customs, language, behaviors, and traditions of a group
that shape how people view the world, health, illness, and care.
What is the definition of diversity? - Answer✔✔-The presence of differences
among people, including race, ethnicity, language, religion, gender, age,
socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and life experiences.
What are health disparities? - Answer✔✔-Preventable differences in health
outcomes, access to care, and quality of care experienced by certain groups
due to social, economic, environmental, and systemic inequities.
How can a nurse move toward cultural proficiency to support healthy aging? -
Answer✔✔-Develop self-awareness, examine personal bias, learn about
different cultures, avoid stereotypes, communicate respectfully, use
interpreters, ask about patient beliefs, and adapt care to be culturally
congruent.
What are examples of unintentional ageism in language? - Answer✔✔-Using
terms like 'the elderly,' 'senile,' 'sweetie,' 'dear,' or 'honey,' speaking to family
instead of the patient, and assuming all older adults are forgetful or
dependent.
, What strategies help in developing health-promoting plans for older adults
from diverse backgrounds? - Answer✔✔-Use culturally sensitive assessments,
provide teaching in preferred language, include family when appropriate,
respect safe traditional practices, build trust, and assess access barriers like
transportation or finances.
What are two normal skin changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Thinning of the epidermis and dermis, and decreased elasticity and dryness.
What are two normal musculoskeletal changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Loss of muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone density and
joint flexibility.
What are two normal cardiovascular changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Stiffening of blood vessels and decreased cardiac reserve.
What are two normal respiratory changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Decreased lung elasticity and reduced chest wall expansion.
What are two normal renal changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Reduced kidney mass and blood flow, and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
What are two normal endocrine changes associated with aging? - Answer✔✔-
Slower metabolic rate and reduced glucose tolerance.
What are two normal reproductive changes associated with aging? -
Answer✔✔-Decreased hormone production and vaginal dryness in women or
decreased testosterone and sexual response in men.
