C836 WGU COMPLETE
bounds checking - CORRECT ANSWER-to set a limit on the amount of data we expect
to receive to set aside storage for that data
*required in most programming languages
* prevents buffer overflows
race conditions - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of software development vulnerability
that occurs when multiple processes or multiple threads within a process control or
share access to a particular resource, and the correct handling of that resource
depends on the proper ordering or timing of transactions
input validation - CORRECT ANSWER-a type of attack that can occur when we fail to
validate the input to our applications or take steps to filter out unexpected or undesirable
content
format string attack - CORRECT ANSWER-a type of input validation attacks in which
certain print functions within a programming language can be used to manipulate or
view the internal memory of an application
authentication attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we
fail to use strong authentication mechanisms for our applications
authorization attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we fail
to use authorization best practices for our applications
cryptographic attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we
fail to properly design our security mechanisms when implementing cryptographic
controls in our applications
client-side attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that takes advantage of
weaknesses in the software loaded on client machines or one that uses social
engineering techniques to trick us into going along with the attack
XSS (Cross Site Scripting) - CORRECT ANSWER-an attack carried out by placing code
in the form of a scripting language into a web page or other media that is interpreted by
a client browser
,XSRF (cross-site request forgery) - CORRECT ANSWER-an attack in which the
attacker places a link on a web page in such a way that it will be automatically executed
to initiate a particular activity on another web page or application where the user is
currently authenticated
clickjacking - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that takes advantage of the graphical
display capabilities of our browser to trick us into clicking on something we might not
otherwise
server-side attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack on the web server that can
target vulnerabilities such as lack of input validation, improper or inadequate
permissions, or extraneous files left on the server from the development process
Protocol issues, unauthenticated access, arbitrary code execution, and privilege
escalation - CORRECT ANSWER-Name the 4 main categories of database security
issues
web application analysis tool - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of tool that analyzes web
pages or web-based applications and searches for common flaws such as XSS or SQL
injection flaws, and improperly set permissions, extraneous files, outdated software
versions, and many more such items
protocol issues - CORRECT ANSWER-unauthenticated flaws in network protocols,
authenticated flaws in network protocols, flaws in authentication protocols
arbitrary code execution - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that exploits an applications
vulnerability into allowing the attacker to execute commands on a user's computer.
* arbitrary code execution in intrinsic or securable SQL elements
Privilege Escalation - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that exploits a vulnerability in
software to gain access to resources that the user normally would be restricted from
accessing.
* via SQL injection or local issues
validating user inputs - CORRECT ANSWER-a security best practice for all software
* the most effective way of mitigating SQL injection attacks
, Nikto (and Wikto) - CORRECT ANSWER-A web server analysis tool that performs
checks for many common server-side vulnerabilities & creates an index of all the files
and directories it can see on the target web server (a process known as spidering)
burp suite - CORRECT ANSWER-A well-known GUI web analysis tool that offers a free
and professional version; the pro version includes advanced tools for conducting more
in-depth attacks
fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of tool that works by bombarding our applications
with all manner of data and inputs from a wide variety of sources, in the hope that we
can cause the application to fail or to perform in unexpected ways
MiniFuzz File Fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft to find flaws
in file-handling source code
BinScope Binary Analyzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft to
examine source code for general good practices
SDL Regex Fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft for testing
certain pattern-matching expressions for potential vulnerabilities
good sources of secure coding guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER-CERT, NIST 800,
BSI, an organization's internal coding guidelines
OS hardening - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of reducing the number of available
avenues through which our OS might be attacked
attack surface - CORRECT ANSWER-The total of the areas through which our
operating system might be attacked
6 main hardening categories - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Removing unnecessary
software
2. Removing or turning off unessential services
3. Making alterations to common accounts
4. Applying the principle of least privilege
5. Applying software updates in a timely manner
6. Making use of logging and auditing functions
Principle of Least Privilege - CORRECT ANSWER-states we should only allow a party
the absolute minimum permission needed for it to carry out its function
bounds checking - CORRECT ANSWER-to set a limit on the amount of data we expect
to receive to set aside storage for that data
*required in most programming languages
* prevents buffer overflows
race conditions - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of software development vulnerability
that occurs when multiple processes or multiple threads within a process control or
share access to a particular resource, and the correct handling of that resource
depends on the proper ordering or timing of transactions
input validation - CORRECT ANSWER-a type of attack that can occur when we fail to
validate the input to our applications or take steps to filter out unexpected or undesirable
content
format string attack - CORRECT ANSWER-a type of input validation attacks in which
certain print functions within a programming language can be used to manipulate or
view the internal memory of an application
authentication attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we
fail to use strong authentication mechanisms for our applications
authorization attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we fail
to use authorization best practices for our applications
cryptographic attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that can occur when we
fail to properly design our security mechanisms when implementing cryptographic
controls in our applications
client-side attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack that takes advantage of
weaknesses in the software loaded on client machines or one that uses social
engineering techniques to trick us into going along with the attack
XSS (Cross Site Scripting) - CORRECT ANSWER-an attack carried out by placing code
in the form of a scripting language into a web page or other media that is interpreted by
a client browser
,XSRF (cross-site request forgery) - CORRECT ANSWER-an attack in which the
attacker places a link on a web page in such a way that it will be automatically executed
to initiate a particular activity on another web page or application where the user is
currently authenticated
clickjacking - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that takes advantage of the graphical
display capabilities of our browser to trick us into clicking on something we might not
otherwise
server-side attack - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of attack on the web server that can
target vulnerabilities such as lack of input validation, improper or inadequate
permissions, or extraneous files left on the server from the development process
Protocol issues, unauthenticated access, arbitrary code execution, and privilege
escalation - CORRECT ANSWER-Name the 4 main categories of database security
issues
web application analysis tool - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of tool that analyzes web
pages or web-based applications and searches for common flaws such as XSS or SQL
injection flaws, and improperly set permissions, extraneous files, outdated software
versions, and many more such items
protocol issues - CORRECT ANSWER-unauthenticated flaws in network protocols,
authenticated flaws in network protocols, flaws in authentication protocols
arbitrary code execution - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that exploits an applications
vulnerability into allowing the attacker to execute commands on a user's computer.
* arbitrary code execution in intrinsic or securable SQL elements
Privilege Escalation - CORRECT ANSWER-An attack that exploits a vulnerability in
software to gain access to resources that the user normally would be restricted from
accessing.
* via SQL injection or local issues
validating user inputs - CORRECT ANSWER-a security best practice for all software
* the most effective way of mitigating SQL injection attacks
, Nikto (and Wikto) - CORRECT ANSWER-A web server analysis tool that performs
checks for many common server-side vulnerabilities & creates an index of all the files
and directories it can see on the target web server (a process known as spidering)
burp suite - CORRECT ANSWER-A well-known GUI web analysis tool that offers a free
and professional version; the pro version includes advanced tools for conducting more
in-depth attacks
fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of tool that works by bombarding our applications
with all manner of data and inputs from a wide variety of sources, in the hope that we
can cause the application to fail or to perform in unexpected ways
MiniFuzz File Fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft to find flaws
in file-handling source code
BinScope Binary Analyzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft to
examine source code for general good practices
SDL Regex Fuzzer - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool developed by Microsoft for testing
certain pattern-matching expressions for potential vulnerabilities
good sources of secure coding guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER-CERT, NIST 800,
BSI, an organization's internal coding guidelines
OS hardening - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of reducing the number of available
avenues through which our OS might be attacked
attack surface - CORRECT ANSWER-The total of the areas through which our
operating system might be attacked
6 main hardening categories - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Removing unnecessary
software
2. Removing or turning off unessential services
3. Making alterations to common accounts
4. Applying the principle of least privilege
5. Applying software updates in a timely manner
6. Making use of logging and auditing functions
Principle of Least Privilege - CORRECT ANSWER-states we should only allow a party
the absolute minimum permission needed for it to carry out its function
