NURS 2502 Final Exam Study Guide
with Questions and Correct Answers
2026-2027
Single-site or multisystem trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Type of trauma affecting one
or multiple systems.
Major causes of musculoskeletal injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Falls, motor vehicle
collisions (MVCs), assaults, sports injuries, home & workplace accidents.
Blunt trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of damage resulting from a forceful impact.
Tendon/ligament disruption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Injury resulting in the tearing or
stretching of tendons or ligaments.
Bone fractures - CORRECT ANSWERS-Breaks in the continuity of the bone.
Contusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Direct trauma resulting in a bruise due to ruptured
blood vessels.
Hematoma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Large localized hemorrhage into tissue that causes
pain upon pressure.
Laceration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skin tearing or loss of skin continuity.
Healing of Soft Tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS-Involves inflammatory phase, proliferative
phase, and remodeling phase.
Acute Injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sudden trauma resulting in soft tissue injuries like
contusions, strains, sprains, or fractures.
Chronic/Overuse Injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Injuries such as stress fractures
caused by repetitive microstress without recovery.
Fracture Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes glucocorticoid therapy, family
history, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol, ethnicity, advanced age, prior
fractures, and chronic diseases.
, Transverse Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture that is perpendicular to the long
axis of the bone.
Oblique Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture line at an angle, often caused by
angled falls or impacts.
Spiral Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture caused by a rotational mechanism,
often seen in sports or accidents.
Comminuted Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone broken into multiple fragments,
typically due to high-energy impact.
Fracture Healing Stages - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes hematoma formation,
fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, and remodeling.
Early Fracture Complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes compartment syndrome,
fat embolism syndrome, infection, and vascular injury.
Late Fracture Complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes delayed union, malunion,
nonunion, avascular necrosis, and osteomyelitis.
Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infection of the bone that can occur from direct
contamination, hematogenous spread, or vascular insufficiency.
Clinical Manifestations of Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Local pain, swelling,
redness, fever/chills, and chronic draining sinus.
Treatment of Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes prolonged IV antibiotics,
debridement, surgical removal of necrotic bone, and revascularization.
Osteonecrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone death due to interrupted blood supply, often
caused by trauma, thrombosis, steroid therapy, or alcoholism.
Blood Supply Concept in Bone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone receives blood via
periosteal, medullary, and epiphyseal vessels; interruption leads to ischemia and bone
death.
Bladder Cancer Overview - CORRECT ANSWERS-Malignant growth in bladder
urothelium, most common in elderly, with men at higher risk.
Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-Age over 40, male gender,
cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, chronic UTIs, urinary tract tuberculosis, and
Caucasian ethnicity.
Stage I - CORRECT ANSWERS-Grows through bladder's inner lining only
with Questions and Correct Answers
2026-2027
Single-site or multisystem trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Type of trauma affecting one
or multiple systems.
Major causes of musculoskeletal injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Falls, motor vehicle
collisions (MVCs), assaults, sports injuries, home & workplace accidents.
Blunt trauma - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of damage resulting from a forceful impact.
Tendon/ligament disruption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Injury resulting in the tearing or
stretching of tendons or ligaments.
Bone fractures - CORRECT ANSWERS-Breaks in the continuity of the bone.
Contusion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Direct trauma resulting in a bruise due to ruptured
blood vessels.
Hematoma - CORRECT ANSWERS-Large localized hemorrhage into tissue that causes
pain upon pressure.
Laceration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skin tearing or loss of skin continuity.
Healing of Soft Tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS-Involves inflammatory phase, proliferative
phase, and remodeling phase.
Acute Injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sudden trauma resulting in soft tissue injuries like
contusions, strains, sprains, or fractures.
Chronic/Overuse Injuries - CORRECT ANSWERS-Injuries such as stress fractures
caused by repetitive microstress without recovery.
Fracture Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes glucocorticoid therapy, family
history, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol, ethnicity, advanced age, prior
fractures, and chronic diseases.
, Transverse Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture that is perpendicular to the long
axis of the bone.
Oblique Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture line at an angle, often caused by
angled falls or impacts.
Spiral Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fracture caused by a rotational mechanism,
often seen in sports or accidents.
Comminuted Fracture - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone broken into multiple fragments,
typically due to high-energy impact.
Fracture Healing Stages - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes hematoma formation,
fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, and remodeling.
Early Fracture Complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes compartment syndrome,
fat embolism syndrome, infection, and vascular injury.
Late Fracture Complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes delayed union, malunion,
nonunion, avascular necrosis, and osteomyelitis.
Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Infection of the bone that can occur from direct
contamination, hematogenous spread, or vascular insufficiency.
Clinical Manifestations of Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Local pain, swelling,
redness, fever/chills, and chronic draining sinus.
Treatment of Osteomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Includes prolonged IV antibiotics,
debridement, surgical removal of necrotic bone, and revascularization.
Osteonecrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone death due to interrupted blood supply, often
caused by trauma, thrombosis, steroid therapy, or alcoholism.
Blood Supply Concept in Bone - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bone receives blood via
periosteal, medullary, and epiphyseal vessels; interruption leads to ischemia and bone
death.
Bladder Cancer Overview - CORRECT ANSWERS-Malignant growth in bladder
urothelium, most common in elderly, with men at higher risk.
Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS-Age over 40, male gender,
cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, chronic UTIs, urinary tract tuberculosis, and
Caucasian ethnicity.
Stage I - CORRECT ANSWERS-Grows through bladder's inner lining only
