Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
A 72 year old male patient receives an intravenous infusion of 2
liters of normal saline during the course of hospitalization for a
minor surgical procedure. Which of the following hormones is most
likely to be elevated after receiving fluids? -
correct answer ✅Atrial natriuretic factor-a peptide that is released
in response to the stretch of the right atrium. It subsequently
causes an increased extravascular volume and increases in urinary
sodium
Norepinephrine -
correct answer ✅-vasoconstrictor
-inotropic agent
-NOT activated by right atrial stretch
Renin -
correct answer ✅-activated in low volume states
-converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
-ACE further cleaves angiotensin I to form angiotensin II which is
the primary active peptide of the renin angiotensin aldosterone
system, causing secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
-aldosterone is a vasoconstrictor
,Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Aldosterone -
correct answer ✅results in retention of sodium and reabsorption
of water from the distal convoluted tubule
-causes an increase in intravascular volume
Anti-diuretic hormone -
correct answer ✅-is increased in low volume states
Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the
tibial nerve? -
correct answer ✅it innervates the gastrocnemius and soleus
muscles
Tibial nerve -
correct answer ✅-branch off sciatic nerve
-it passes through popliteal fossa to pass below arch of soleus
-this nerve in popliteal fossa gives off branches to gastroc,
popliteus, soleus, plantaris mm's, an articular branch to knee joint,
and cutaneous branch that becomes sural nerve
-sural nerve joins fibers from common fib nerve
-below soleus muscle, tibial nerve lies close to the tibia + supplies
tibialis posterior, FDL, and FHL
,Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Tibial nerve -
correct answer ✅-arise from L4 and L5 nerves and the first 3 sacral
nerves
-damaged from a posterior dislocation of knee
-innervates sole of foot
-innervates inversion mm's
-runs posterior to medial malleolus
Which of the following should be used initially to treat HTN in a
patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary retention? -
correct answer ✅Doxazosin
Prazosin -
correct answer ✅alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
-indicated initially for medical treatment of men w/ benign
prostatic hyperplasia although not otherwise recommended for
initial monotherapy for HTN
-most commonly prescribed med's for BPH
-relax smooth muscle in neck of bladder, in prostatic urethra, and in
prostate capsule
, Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
-alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists include terazosin, doxazosin,
silodosin
-SE's include hypOtension and dizziness
-these med's interact synergistically with phosphodiesterase 5
inhibitors to produce hypOtension
Due to their structure and interconnections, which vv's are
especially important in the metastatic spread of cancer? -
correct answer ✅Internal vertebral venous plexus
-the basilic, transverse cervical, and dorsal scapular vv's do NOT
contribute to the metastatic spread of cancer
Vertebral venous plexus -
correct answer ✅-important since blood may return from the
pelvis/abdomen through these plexuses and reach the heart via the
superior vena cava when the IVC is obstructed
-these vv's also can provide a route for metastasis for cancer cells to
the vertebrae or to the brain from an abdominal or pelvic tumor
Which of the following drugs is a barbiturate that acts on the GABA
A receptors and increases the duration of the chloride channels
& Answers (Grade A+)
A 72 year old male patient receives an intravenous infusion of 2
liters of normal saline during the course of hospitalization for a
minor surgical procedure. Which of the following hormones is most
likely to be elevated after receiving fluids? -
correct answer ✅Atrial natriuretic factor-a peptide that is released
in response to the stretch of the right atrium. It subsequently
causes an increased extravascular volume and increases in urinary
sodium
Norepinephrine -
correct answer ✅-vasoconstrictor
-inotropic agent
-NOT activated by right atrial stretch
Renin -
correct answer ✅-activated in low volume states
-converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
-ACE further cleaves angiotensin I to form angiotensin II which is
the primary active peptide of the renin angiotensin aldosterone
system, causing secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
-aldosterone is a vasoconstrictor
,Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Aldosterone -
correct answer ✅results in retention of sodium and reabsorption
of water from the distal convoluted tubule
-causes an increase in intravascular volume
Anti-diuretic hormone -
correct answer ✅-is increased in low volume states
Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the
tibial nerve? -
correct answer ✅it innervates the gastrocnemius and soleus
muscles
Tibial nerve -
correct answer ✅-branch off sciatic nerve
-it passes through popliteal fossa to pass below arch of soleus
-this nerve in popliteal fossa gives off branches to gastroc,
popliteus, soleus, plantaris mm's, an articular branch to knee joint,
and cutaneous branch that becomes sural nerve
-sural nerve joins fibers from common fib nerve
-below soleus muscle, tibial nerve lies close to the tibia + supplies
tibialis posterior, FDL, and FHL
,Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Tibial nerve -
correct answer ✅-arise from L4 and L5 nerves and the first 3 sacral
nerves
-damaged from a posterior dislocation of knee
-innervates sole of foot
-innervates inversion mm's
-runs posterior to medial malleolus
Which of the following should be used initially to treat HTN in a
patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary retention? -
correct answer ✅Doxazosin
Prazosin -
correct answer ✅alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
-indicated initially for medical treatment of men w/ benign
prostatic hyperplasia although not otherwise recommended for
initial monotherapy for HTN
-most commonly prescribed med's for BPH
-relax smooth muscle in neck of bladder, in prostatic urethra, and in
prostate capsule
, Board Vitals Podiatry Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
-alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists include terazosin, doxazosin,
silodosin
-SE's include hypOtension and dizziness
-these med's interact synergistically with phosphodiesterase 5
inhibitors to produce hypOtension
Due to their structure and interconnections, which vv's are
especially important in the metastatic spread of cancer? -
correct answer ✅Internal vertebral venous plexus
-the basilic, transverse cervical, and dorsal scapular vv's do NOT
contribute to the metastatic spread of cancer
Vertebral venous plexus -
correct answer ✅-important since blood may return from the
pelvis/abdomen through these plexuses and reach the heart via the
superior vena cava when the IVC is obstructed
-these vv's also can provide a route for metastasis for cancer cells to
the vertebrae or to the brain from an abdominal or pelvic tumor
Which of the following drugs is a barbiturate that acts on the GABA
A receptors and increases the duration of the chloride channels
