NUR 521 MODULE 8 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
MOA of oxymetazoline (Afrin) - Answer- Stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
causing vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.
Major risk with Afrin use - Answer- Rebound congestion if used longer than 3-5 days.
What is rebound congestion - Answer- Worsening nasal congestion caused by
prolonged use of topical decongestants.
Treatment for rebound congestion - Answer- Discontinue the decongestant or taper use
and use intranasal glucocorticoids for several weeks.
MOA of pseudoephedrine - Answer- Activates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors causing
vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.
Major side effects of pseudoephedrine - Answer- Insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia,
palpitations, hypertension, dizziness, and CNS stimulation.
Contraindications for pseudoephedrine - Answer- Uncontrolled hypertension, coronary
artery disease, urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, and first trimester pregnancy.
Use of codeine in cough - Answer- Codeine is an opioid antitussive used to suppress
cough by elevating the cough threshold in the CNS.
Major side effects of codeine - Answer- Sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation,
hypotension, respiratory depression, and abuse potential.
Contraindications of codeine - Answer- Children under 12 years, respiratory depression,
ultra-rapid CYP2D6 metabolizers, asthma, and GI obstruction.
MOA of dextromethorphan - Answer- Suppresses cough by acting on the medullary
cough center.
Side effects of dextromethorphan - Answer- Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, fatigue,
abdominal pain, and serotonin syndrome.
MOA of Mucinex (guaifenesin) - Answer- Acts as an expectorant by increasing
respiratory tract secretions and thinning mucus to make cough more productive.
, Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease - Answer- Occurs when aggressive factors such
as H. pylori infection, gastric acid, pepsin, or NSAIDs overpower protective mucosal
defenses.
Protective factors in the stomach - Answer- Mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins, and
adequate blood flow.
Major causes of peptic ulcer disease - Answer- Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID
use.
Goals of peptic ulcer treatment - Answer- Relieve symptoms, promote healing, prevent
complications, and prevent recurrence.
Drug classes used to treat PUD - Answer- Antibiotics, H2 receptor antagonists, proton
pump inhibitors, mucosal protectants, and antacids.
Drug class of cimetidine - Answer- Histamine-2 receptor antagonist.
MOA of cimetidine - Answer- Blocks H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells reducing
gastric acid secretion.
Indications for cimetidine - Answer- Gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-
Ellison syndrome, and heartburn.
Major interaction with cimetidine - Answer- CYP450 inhibitor that increases levels of
drugs such as warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, and lidocaine.
Important lab monitoring with cimetidine - Answer- Vitamin B12 levels because long-
term use can cause deficiency.
Drug class of omeprazole - Answer- Proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
MOA of omeprazole - Answer- Inhibits the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in gastric
parietal cells to suppress acid secretion.
Indications for PPIs - Answer- Treatment of GERD, peptic ulcer disease, and
hypersecretory conditions.
Drug class of sucralfate - Answer- Mucosal protectant.
MOA of sucralfate - Answer- Forms a protective barrier over ulcers to protect them from
acid and pepsin.
Drug class of magnesium hydroxide - Answer- Antacid.
MOA of magnesium hydroxide - Answer- Neutralizes stomach acid to relieve symptoms.
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
MOA of oxymetazoline (Afrin) - Answer- Stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
causing vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.
Major risk with Afrin use - Answer- Rebound congestion if used longer than 3-5 days.
What is rebound congestion - Answer- Worsening nasal congestion caused by
prolonged use of topical decongestants.
Treatment for rebound congestion - Answer- Discontinue the decongestant or taper use
and use intranasal glucocorticoids for several weeks.
MOA of pseudoephedrine - Answer- Activates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors causing
vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels.
Major side effects of pseudoephedrine - Answer- Insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia,
palpitations, hypertension, dizziness, and CNS stimulation.
Contraindications for pseudoephedrine - Answer- Uncontrolled hypertension, coronary
artery disease, urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, and first trimester pregnancy.
Use of codeine in cough - Answer- Codeine is an opioid antitussive used to suppress
cough by elevating the cough threshold in the CNS.
Major side effects of codeine - Answer- Sedation, nausea, vomiting, constipation,
hypotension, respiratory depression, and abuse potential.
Contraindications of codeine - Answer- Children under 12 years, respiratory depression,
ultra-rapid CYP2D6 metabolizers, asthma, and GI obstruction.
MOA of dextromethorphan - Answer- Suppresses cough by acting on the medullary
cough center.
Side effects of dextromethorphan - Answer- Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, fatigue,
abdominal pain, and serotonin syndrome.
MOA of Mucinex (guaifenesin) - Answer- Acts as an expectorant by increasing
respiratory tract secretions and thinning mucus to make cough more productive.
, Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease - Answer- Occurs when aggressive factors such
as H. pylori infection, gastric acid, pepsin, or NSAIDs overpower protective mucosal
defenses.
Protective factors in the stomach - Answer- Mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins, and
adequate blood flow.
Major causes of peptic ulcer disease - Answer- Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID
use.
Goals of peptic ulcer treatment - Answer- Relieve symptoms, promote healing, prevent
complications, and prevent recurrence.
Drug classes used to treat PUD - Answer- Antibiotics, H2 receptor antagonists, proton
pump inhibitors, mucosal protectants, and antacids.
Drug class of cimetidine - Answer- Histamine-2 receptor antagonist.
MOA of cimetidine - Answer- Blocks H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells reducing
gastric acid secretion.
Indications for cimetidine - Answer- Gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-
Ellison syndrome, and heartburn.
Major interaction with cimetidine - Answer- CYP450 inhibitor that increases levels of
drugs such as warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, and lidocaine.
Important lab monitoring with cimetidine - Answer- Vitamin B12 levels because long-
term use can cause deficiency.
Drug class of omeprazole - Answer- Proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
MOA of omeprazole - Answer- Inhibits the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in gastric
parietal cells to suppress acid secretion.
Indications for PPIs - Answer- Treatment of GERD, peptic ulcer disease, and
hypersecretory conditions.
Drug class of sucralfate - Answer- Mucosal protectant.
MOA of sucralfate - Answer- Forms a protective barrier over ulcers to protect them from
acid and pepsin.
Drug class of magnesium hydroxide - Answer- Antacid.
MOA of magnesium hydroxide - Answer- Neutralizes stomach acid to relieve symptoms.
