Pathophysiology NUR 521 Exam
3 Questions with Correct
Answers
Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Pulmonary disorder involving
an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the
airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
Parents of a child with cystic fibrosis want to know the chance of their next baby having
this disease. What response by the healthcare professional is most accurate? - Answer-
Each child will have a 25% chance of having the disease.
What abnormalities lead to the mucus plugging seen in children with cystic fibrosis
(CF)? - Answer- Defective chloride secretion and excess sodium absorption thicken the
mucus
Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often
occur? - Answer- 2-4 months
What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? -
Answer- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
What information does the student learn about alveoli? (Select all that apply.) - Answer-
The complexity of the alveoli increases into adulthood.
Children diagnosed with acute asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? - Answer-
Nasal flaring
Musical expiratory wheezing
Substernal retractions
Diaphoresis
Which symptoms are least likely to be assessed in a child with croup? - Answer-
Congestion
Coarse rhonchi
What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? - Answer- Fever
with chills
Correct Productive cough
Correct Dyspnea
,A health professions student learns which facts about the pediatric differences in the
respiratory system? - Answer- An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's.
Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children.
Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to
describe the pericardium again? - Answer- It is made up of connective tissue and a
surface layer of squamous cells.
During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
ventricles relax? - Answer- Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to
merge, closing the valves.
A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would
the student expect to see when examining this patient? - Answer- Signs of decreased
cardiac output
Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would
interrupt blood supply to which structures? - Answer- Left and right ventricles and much
of the interventricular septum
Where are the coronary ostia located? - Answer- Aorta
The coronary sinus empties into which cardiac structure? - Answer- Right Atrium
During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the
ventricular myocardium? - Answer- Purkinje fibers
A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance
would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem? - Answer-
Hyponatremia
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity
reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare
professional associate with this problem? - Answer- PR interval measuring 0.28 sec
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node
because of what reason? - Answer- It has a superior location in the right atrium.
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during
which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? - Answer- Refractory
A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would
the healthcare professional associate with this condition? - Answer- Prolonged QRS
interval
, What can shorten the conduction time of action potential through the atrioventricular
(AV) node? - Answer- Catecholamines
What is the effect of epinephrine on β3 receptors on the heart? - Answer- Prevents
overstimulation of the heart by the sympathetic nervous system
Where in the heart are the receptors for neurotransmitters located? - Answer-
Myocardium and coronary vessels
What enables electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion in
myocardial cells? - Answer- Intercalated disks
Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic
volume (preload) result in? - Answer- Increase in force of contraction
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in
the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction. - Answer- Strength
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left
ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?
- Answer- Pulmonary Edema
The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous
system? - Answer- Parasympathetic nervous system
The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac
location? - Answer- Atria
Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what
mechanism? - Answer- Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins
What is the most important negative inotropic agent? - Answer- Acetylcholine
The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure? - Answer- Right subclavian vein
A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What
physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? - Answer-
Pulse and blood pressure changes
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? -
Answer- Arterial stiffening
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows
through the systemic circulation? - Answer- Muscle layer of the arterioles
3 Questions with Correct
Answers
Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis? - Answer- Pulmonary disorder involving
an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the
airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
Parents of a child with cystic fibrosis want to know the chance of their next baby having
this disease. What response by the healthcare professional is most accurate? - Answer-
Each child will have a 25% chance of having the disease.
What abnormalities lead to the mucus plugging seen in children with cystic fibrosis
(CF)? - Answer- Defective chloride secretion and excess sodium absorption thicken the
mucus
Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often
occur? - Answer- 2-4 months
What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? -
Answer- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
What information does the student learn about alveoli? (Select all that apply.) - Answer-
The complexity of the alveoli increases into adulthood.
Children diagnosed with acute asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? - Answer-
Nasal flaring
Musical expiratory wheezing
Substernal retractions
Diaphoresis
Which symptoms are least likely to be assessed in a child with croup? - Answer-
Congestion
Coarse rhonchi
What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? - Answer- Fever
with chills
Correct Productive cough
Correct Dyspnea
,A health professions student learns which facts about the pediatric differences in the
respiratory system? - Answer- An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's.
Airway obstruction occurs sooner in infants than in older children.
Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to
describe the pericardium again? - Answer- It is made up of connective tissue and a
surface layer of squamous cells.
During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
ventricles relax? - Answer- Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to
merge, closing the valves.
A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would
the student expect to see when examining this patient? - Answer- Signs of decreased
cardiac output
Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would
interrupt blood supply to which structures? - Answer- Left and right ventricles and much
of the interventricular septum
Where are the coronary ostia located? - Answer- Aorta
The coronary sinus empties into which cardiac structure? - Answer- Right Atrium
During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the
ventricular myocardium? - Answer- Purkinje fibers
A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance
would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem? - Answer-
Hyponatremia
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity
reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare
professional associate with this problem? - Answer- PR interval measuring 0.28 sec
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node
because of what reason? - Answer- It has a superior location in the right atrium.
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during
which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? - Answer- Refractory
A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would
the healthcare professional associate with this condition? - Answer- Prolonged QRS
interval
, What can shorten the conduction time of action potential through the atrioventricular
(AV) node? - Answer- Catecholamines
What is the effect of epinephrine on β3 receptors on the heart? - Answer- Prevents
overstimulation of the heart by the sympathetic nervous system
Where in the heart are the receptors for neurotransmitters located? - Answer-
Myocardium and coronary vessels
What enables electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion in
myocardial cells? - Answer- Intercalated disks
Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic
volume (preload) result in? - Answer- Increase in force of contraction
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in
the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction. - Answer- Strength
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left
ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?
- Answer- Pulmonary Edema
The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous
system? - Answer- Parasympathetic nervous system
The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac
location? - Answer- Atria
Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what
mechanism? - Answer- Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins
What is the most important negative inotropic agent? - Answer- Acetylcholine
The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure? - Answer- Right subclavian vein
A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What
physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? - Answer-
Pulse and blood pressure changes
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? -
Answer- Arterial stiffening
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows
through the systemic circulation? - Answer- Muscle layer of the arterioles
