Engineering Geology Test 1 Questions And Detailed Correct Answers Graded A+

Engineering Geology - correct answers The science of geology applied to environmental and engineering concerns, including the safety and performance of man-made structures, and to public health, safety, and welfare. Define Geological Engineering - correct answers The engineering discipline specializing in the evaluation and design of engineering projects, in or on the earth and the evaluation of earth materials. What are Geological engineers work typically involves - correct answers Mining Petroleum recovery Civil engineering And deal with design and performance of the project Compare a engineering geologist and geological engineer. - correct answers The engineering geologist is a geologist with a strong awareness and understanding of engineering and engineering principals The geological engineer is an engineer with a string awareness and understanding of geology and geologic principals. - correct answers The application of geologic data collection techniques and principles to the study of rock and soil material , and ground water, so that geologic factors affecting the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of engineering structures and the development of ground-water resources available for us to use in engineering practices. The scope of work includes the many phases of engineering in which man works with rock, soil, and water. Engineering Geology includes - correct answers •describing and evaluating subsurface geologic structures, stratigraphy, and water conditions affecting the things humans build; •exploring and developing rock, soil,and water resources; •evaluating natural hazards including earthquakes, landslides, floods, subsidence, radon, and asbestos; and, •participating in multidisciplinary teams. Who was first hydro engineering geologist...and what were his accomplishments. - correct answers William Smith *"The map that changed the world" •Canal construction •Transport of coal *Published What is the height and width of Natural Bridge? - correct answers 215 feet tall and 90 feet wide What makes natural bridge unique to other bridges - correct answers only known natural arch in the world to have a highway across it -U.S. Rt 11 What is the thickness at of the bridge? - correct answers 55 feet What is the historical background of Natural Bridge? - correct answers *Purchased by Thomas y Jefferson in 1774 from King George III *Held by heirs until 1833 *Present owner purchased it in 1984 What date did a rock fall occur at Natural Bridge? - correct answers Saturday Saturday October 23, 199 What is the engineering definition of bedrock vs. soil - correct answers Bedrock- Hard durable continuous rock mass lying at or near surface which must be excavated by systematic drilling and blasting. A.K.A "Rock Borrow" Soil-Loose unconsolidated (non-lithified) material lying above the bedrock, which can be excavated by conventional means. A.K.A "Common Borrow" What dose the distinction of soil effect when constructing? - correct answers The Cost What is the Agricultural Definitions of Soil? - correct answers A= Top soil, organic, black zone of mineral leaching. B= Zone of accumulation, red/brown clays. C= Saprolite, weathered bedrock The distinction between engineering "soil" and agricultural soil is NOT important when classifying them. (True/False) - correct answers False Define Transported soil - correct answers -unlithified materials that overlie bedrock from which they were not derived? Give an example of Transported Soils.... - correct answers Glacial, lacustrine, marine, eolian, alluvial (flood planes, terraces, deltas, fans) shoreline, gravity deposits, man-made fill, volcanic deposits and cumulose fill Define Residual Soils - correct answers Unlithified minerals derived from the weathering of material it overlies Name 4 soil formations? - correct answers 1) Physical Weathering 2) Chemical Weathering 3) Hydrolysis 4 )Oxidation Define Physical Weathering - correct answers Mechanically breaking rock apart into smaller pieces with out chemically altering the mineral composition Define Chemical Weathering - correct answers Decomposition of rock by chemical reactions which alter the chemical composition of the rock forming new minerals. What is Hydrolysis? - correct answers Weathering reaction from contact with water, probably assisted by naturally occurring carbonic acid, Produces clay minerals (montomorillinite, kalinite, illite) What is oxidation - correct answers Cations from hydrolysis react with O2 to produce oxides usually red hematite. What are weather processes? - correct answers Not all materials weather at the same rate. Rates of weathering can be compared on the Goldich Series ( same drawing as bowmen reaction series) Minerals that form early in the bowman's reaction series such as (Olivine) are most unstable and weather fastest at the earth's surfaces. (True/False) - correct answers True What are the five factors that affect soil development and thickness? - correct answers 1) Climate 2) Time 3) Vegitation 4) Topography 5) Parent Material How dose one locate a soil/rock boundary? - correct answers Drilling, Augering, & Coring Explain 3 problems that occur when boring a hole? - correct answers 1. Bedrock occurs at point where soil auger refuses to advance. 2. Bedrock occurs where split-spoon sampler will not advance with blows from standard sliding hammer. 3. Bedrock occurs where shelby tube sampler cannot be hydraulically pushed farther Bore holes are expensive too! (True/False) - correct answers True What occurs during seismic refraction? - correct answers 1. Shock waves travel through different materials at different velocities. Soil is lessdense than rock so velocity will also be lessin soil. essso. 2. Waves will be bent (refracted) each time they encounter a boundary between layers with different velocities What are two kinds of weathered rock and the abbreviation for the names? - correct answers (SWR)- Soft Weathered Rock (HR) - Hard Weathered Rock Define soft weathered rock... - correct answers Material that can be penetrated with some difficulty using power augers and yields SPT values 100 blows but SPT Refusal. Define hard weathered rock... - correct answers Material that cannot be penetrated by power augers with great difficulty using power augers and yields SPT refusal What is SPT Refusal? - correct answers When the soil has less than or equal to 1 inch of penetration per 50 blows. What dose an inferred rock line indicate? - correct answers The the level at which augers could no longer penetrate. Hard Rock Symbols are not shown when rock is cored and only to that depth cored. (True/False) - correct answers False What is core recovery (Rec.)? - correct answers Total length of rock recovered in the core barrel divided by the total length of the core run times 100% What is rock quality Designation? (ROD) - correct answers The total length of sound rock segment received that are longer that or equal to 4" divide by the total length of the core run times 100%. What happens during seismic refraction? - correct answers 1. Shock waves travel through different materials at different velocities. Soil is less dense than rock so velocity will also be less in soil. 2. Waves will be bent (refracted) each time they encounter a boundary between layers with different velocities. Ware are the three primary seismic waves and what do they do? - correct answers P-waves: primary, compressional, fastest S-waves: secondary, shear L-waves: last, large, slowest and do most damage during earthquakes