CHAPTER 17: NON-CODING RNAS EXAM WITH APPROVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Proteins
d. small molecules
e. All of the above - correct answer-E. All of the above
When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it:
a. contains binding sites for many different proteins, thereby promoting the formation of a
large complex.
b. recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, thereby preventing them from working.
c. can alter its conformation, allowing it to switch between active and inactivate
conformations.
d. may physically prevent or block a cellular process from happening. - correct answer-B.
recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, thereby preventing them from working
Scientists propose that the first macromolecules in photobionts were:
a. DNA molecules.
b. RNA molecules.
c. proteins.
d. all of the above. - correct answer-B. RNA molecules
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, altered of protein function or
stability, ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of these functions
are mediated by each type of ncRNA listed next? Note: A single ncRNA may have more than
one function.
A. tRNA
B. rRNA - correct answer-A. Guide: a tRNA binds to an mRNA and carries the correct amino
acid so it can be added to a polypeptide.
B. Scaffold, guide, and ribozyme: rRNA functions as a scaffold for the binding of ribosomal
proteins; in bacteria, a segment of rRNA acts as a guide for the binding of the Shine-
Dalgarno sequence
,in mRNA; and the rRNA in peptidyl transferase functions as a ribozyme that catalyzes
peptide bond formation.
List and briefly describe four types of molecules that can bind to an ncRNA - correct
answer-ncRNAs can bind to DNA and RNA due to complementary base pairing. Stem-
loops in ncRNAs can bind to the surface of proteins. Also, segments of ncRNAs can form
pockets for the binding of small molecules.
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, altered of protein function or
stability, ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of those functions is/are mediated by
each of the ncRNAs listed next? (Note: A single ncRNA may have more than
one function.)
A. HOTAIR
B. RNA of Ranse - correct answer-A. Scaffold and guide
B. Ribozyme
What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe observations and evidence that support
this hypothesized period of life on Earth. From the perspective of living cells, what are the
advantages
of having had the RNA world be superseded by a DNA/RNA/protein world? - correct
answer-The term RNA world refers to a period in which primitive cells used RNA as their
sole macromolecule. Observations and evidence include the versatile functions of RNA,
and the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in translation. The DNA/RNA/protein world has
some advantages over an RNA world. DNA is more stable and therefore better at storing
information. Also, having DNA store information allowed RNA
molecules to do other things. Proteins are composed of twenty different amino acids have
many versatile functions compared to RNAs, such as more diverse enzymatic and
structural features.
What term describes RNA molecules that don't encode polypeptides? - correct answer-
non-coding
What term (two words) describes structures formed when regions of an RNA molecule
"bend back" on themselves and form more complex structures due to hydrogen bonding
between complimentary bases? - correct answer-stem-loop structures
, What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of moving a molecule to a
specific location in a cell? - correct answer-guide
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of physically preventing a
cellular process from happening? - correct answer-blocker
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of recognizing other ncRNAs
and sequestering them thus preventing them from working? - correct answer-decoy
What one-word term is used to describe ncRNAs that function as enzymes? - correct
answer-ribozyme
True or False: RNA is more stable than DNA. - correct answer-False.
True or False: Sense mex-3 RNA is translated to produce a functional polypeptide. - correct
answer-True
Which one of the following statements regarding the control embryos is true?
A. They were injected with sense RNA only.
B. They were injected with anti-sense RNA only.
C. They were injected with both sense and anti-sense RNA.
D. They were injected with functional polypeptide.
E. They weren't injected. - correct answer-E. They weren't injected.
Which one of the following resulted in no expression of the mex-3 protein in embryos?
A. Injection with both sense and anti-sense RNA.
B. Injection with sense RNA only.
C. Injection with anti-sense RNA only.
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Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Proteins
d. small molecules
e. All of the above - correct answer-E. All of the above
When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it:
a. contains binding sites for many different proteins, thereby promoting the formation of a
large complex.
b. recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, thereby preventing them from working.
c. can alter its conformation, allowing it to switch between active and inactivate
conformations.
d. may physically prevent or block a cellular process from happening. - correct answer-B.
recognizes other ncRNAs and sequesters them, thereby preventing them from working
Scientists propose that the first macromolecules in photobionts were:
a. DNA molecules.
b. RNA molecules.
c. proteins.
d. all of the above. - correct answer-B. RNA molecules
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, altered of protein function or
stability, ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of these functions
are mediated by each type of ncRNA listed next? Note: A single ncRNA may have more than
one function.
A. tRNA
B. rRNA - correct answer-A. Guide: a tRNA binds to an mRNA and carries the correct amino
acid so it can be added to a polypeptide.
B. Scaffold, guide, and ribozyme: rRNA functions as a scaffold for the binding of ribosomal
proteins; in bacteria, a segment of rRNA acts as a guide for the binding of the Shine-
Dalgarno sequence
,in mRNA; and the rRNA in peptidyl transferase functions as a ribozyme that catalyzes
peptide bond formation.
List and briefly describe four types of molecules that can bind to an ncRNA - correct
answer-ncRNAs can bind to DNA and RNA due to complementary base pairing. Stem-
loops in ncRNAs can bind to the surface of proteins. Also, segments of ncRNAs can form
pockets for the binding of small molecules.
An ncRNA may have the following functions: scaffold, guide, altered of protein function or
stability, ribozyme, blocker, and/or decoy. Which of those functions is/are mediated by
each of the ncRNAs listed next? (Note: A single ncRNA may have more than
one function.)
A. HOTAIR
B. RNA of Ranse - correct answer-A. Scaffold and guide
B. Ribozyme
What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe observations and evidence that support
this hypothesized period of life on Earth. From the perspective of living cells, what are the
advantages
of having had the RNA world be superseded by a DNA/RNA/protein world? - correct
answer-The term RNA world refers to a period in which primitive cells used RNA as their
sole macromolecule. Observations and evidence include the versatile functions of RNA,
and the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in translation. The DNA/RNA/protein world has
some advantages over an RNA world. DNA is more stable and therefore better at storing
information. Also, having DNA store information allowed RNA
molecules to do other things. Proteins are composed of twenty different amino acids have
many versatile functions compared to RNAs, such as more diverse enzymatic and
structural features.
What term describes RNA molecules that don't encode polypeptides? - correct answer-
non-coding
What term (two words) describes structures formed when regions of an RNA molecule
"bend back" on themselves and form more complex structures due to hydrogen bonding
between complimentary bases? - correct answer-stem-loop structures
, What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of moving a molecule to a
specific location in a cell? - correct answer-guide
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of physically preventing a
cellular process from happening? - correct answer-blocker
What is the one-word term to describe the ncRNA function of recognizing other ncRNAs
and sequestering them thus preventing them from working? - correct answer-decoy
What one-word term is used to describe ncRNAs that function as enzymes? - correct
answer-ribozyme
True or False: RNA is more stable than DNA. - correct answer-False.
True or False: Sense mex-3 RNA is translated to produce a functional polypeptide. - correct
answer-True
Which one of the following statements regarding the control embryos is true?
A. They were injected with sense RNA only.
B. They were injected with anti-sense RNA only.
C. They were injected with both sense and anti-sense RNA.
D. They were injected with functional polypeptide.
E. They weren't injected. - correct answer-E. They weren't injected.
Which one of the following resulted in no expression of the mex-3 protein in embryos?
A. Injection with both sense and anti-sense RNA.
B. Injection with sense RNA only.
C. Injection with anti-sense RNA only.
