NR 324 | Adult Health II | Week 7 Study Guide 2026/2027
|Chamberlain College
1. Which classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by conditions that
reduce renal blood flow, such as severe dehydration or heart failure?
A. Intrarenal
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Intrinsic
Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI results from factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
reduction in renal blood flow and leading to decreased glomerular filtration.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) of 12 mL/min. Which stage of CKD is the patient in?
A. Stage 3
B. Stage 5
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 2
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD, or end-stage renal disease, is defined by a GFR of less than 15
mL/min, necessitating dialysis or transplantation.
,3. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most life-threatening complication in the
oliguric phase of Acute Kidney Injury?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is critical because it can lead to lethal cardiac dysrhythmias as
the kidneys fail to excrete potassium.
4. What is the primary cause of anemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
A. Iron deficiency due to poor diet
B. Increased destruction of red blood cells
C. Decreased production of erythropoietin
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, decreased production leads to
reduced red blood cell synthesis in the bone marrow.
5. During peritoneal dialysis, a nurse observes that the drained effluent is
cloudy. What should the nurse suspect?
A. Peritonitis
B. Fibrin clot formation
C. Normal find during the first week
D. Bladder perforation
Answer: A
Rationale: Cloudy or opaque dialysate drainage is the first sign of peritonitis, a serious
complication of peritoneal dialysis.
, 6. Which medication is commonly prescribed to CKD patients to treat
hyperphosphatemia by binding phosphate in the bowel?
A. Calcium Carbonate
B. Furosemide
C. Epoetin alfa
D. Lisinopril
Answer: A
Rationale: Phosphate binders like calcium carbonate or sevelamer should be taken with
meals to prevent the absorption of dietary phosphorus.
7. A patient is diagnosed with intrarenal AKI. Which of the following is a
common cause of this condition?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
B. Hemorrhage
C. Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., Gentamicin)
D. Renal calculi
Answer: C
Rationale: Intrarenal AKI involves direct damage to the kidney tissue, often caused by
nephrotoxins, ischemia, or hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs.
8. What is the most definitive clinical manifestation of the ‘oliguric’ phase of
AKI?
A. Urine output less than 400 mL/day
B. Urine output greater than 5 L/day
C. Presence of glucose in the urine
D. Hypotension
Answer: A
Rationale: The oliguric phase is characterized by a significant decrease in urine output,
typically defined as less than 400 mL in 24 hours.
|Chamberlain College
1. Which classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by conditions that
reduce renal blood flow, such as severe dehydration or heart failure?
A. Intrarenal
B. Postrenal
C. Prerenal
D. Intrinsic
Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI results from factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing a
reduction in renal blood flow and leading to decreased glomerular filtration.
2. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) of 12 mL/min. Which stage of CKD is the patient in?
A. Stage 3
B. Stage 5
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 2
Answer: B
Rationale: Stage 5 CKD, or end-stage renal disease, is defined by a GFR of less than 15
mL/min, necessitating dialysis or transplantation.
,3. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most life-threatening complication in the
oliguric phase of Acute Kidney Injury?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is critical because it can lead to lethal cardiac dysrhythmias as
the kidneys fail to excrete potassium.
4. What is the primary cause of anemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
A. Iron deficiency due to poor diet
B. Increased destruction of red blood cells
C. Decreased production of erythropoietin
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, decreased production leads to
reduced red blood cell synthesis in the bone marrow.
5. During peritoneal dialysis, a nurse observes that the drained effluent is
cloudy. What should the nurse suspect?
A. Peritonitis
B. Fibrin clot formation
C. Normal find during the first week
D. Bladder perforation
Answer: A
Rationale: Cloudy or opaque dialysate drainage is the first sign of peritonitis, a serious
complication of peritoneal dialysis.
, 6. Which medication is commonly prescribed to CKD patients to treat
hyperphosphatemia by binding phosphate in the bowel?
A. Calcium Carbonate
B. Furosemide
C. Epoetin alfa
D. Lisinopril
Answer: A
Rationale: Phosphate binders like calcium carbonate or sevelamer should be taken with
meals to prevent the absorption of dietary phosphorus.
7. A patient is diagnosed with intrarenal AKI. Which of the following is a
common cause of this condition?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
B. Hemorrhage
C. Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., Gentamicin)
D. Renal calculi
Answer: C
Rationale: Intrarenal AKI involves direct damage to the kidney tissue, often caused by
nephrotoxins, ischemia, or hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs.
8. What is the most definitive clinical manifestation of the ‘oliguric’ phase of
AKI?
A. Urine output less than 400 mL/day
B. Urine output greater than 5 L/day
C. Presence of glucose in the urine
D. Hypotension
Answer: A
Rationale: The oliguric phase is characterized by a significant decrease in urine output,
typically defined as less than 400 mL in 24 hours.
