HCA 201 B FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026
What substance gives red blood cells their color? - Answers - Hemoglobin
What are the three layers of the heart? - Answers - Pericardium (outer layer),
Myocardium (muscular layer), Endocardium (inner lining)
What are the four chambers of the heart? - Answers - Right atrium, left atrium, right
ventricle, left ventricle
What is the function of arteries? - Answers - Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What is the role of capillaries? - Answers - Capillaries are where the exchange of
nutrients and waste occurs.
What do veins do? - Answers - Veins return blood to the heart.
What are the two main veins that carry blood to the heart? - Answers - Inferior vena
cava and superior vena cava.
What is the diaphragm's role in relation to the lungs? - Answers - The diaphragm
separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity.
What is the process of releasing a female sex cell called? - Answers - Ovulation
What is the external genitalia in people assigned female at birth called? - Answers -
Vulva
What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete? - Answers - Growth hormone
What are the complications of diabetes? - Answers - Stroke, eye damage, heart attack,
kidney damage, impotence, numbness, and reduced blood supply.
What is hyperglycemia? - Answers - High blood sugar.
What is hypoglycemia? - Answers - Low blood sugar.
What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? -
Answers - Heartburn
What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? - Answers -
Increased urinary frequency, urgency, oliguria, dysuria, foul-smelling urine, hematuria,
pyuria, fever, chills, lower abdominal pain, back pain.
2026
What substance gives red blood cells their color? - Answers - Hemoglobin
What are the three layers of the heart? - Answers - Pericardium (outer layer),
Myocardium (muscular layer), Endocardium (inner lining)
What are the four chambers of the heart? - Answers - Right atrium, left atrium, right
ventricle, left ventricle
What is the function of arteries? - Answers - Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What is the role of capillaries? - Answers - Capillaries are where the exchange of
nutrients and waste occurs.
What do veins do? - Answers - Veins return blood to the heart.
What are the two main veins that carry blood to the heart? - Answers - Inferior vena
cava and superior vena cava.
What is the diaphragm's role in relation to the lungs? - Answers - The diaphragm
separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity.
What is the process of releasing a female sex cell called? - Answers - Ovulation
What is the external genitalia in people assigned female at birth called? - Answers -
Vulva
What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete? - Answers - Growth hormone
What are the complications of diabetes? - Answers - Stroke, eye damage, heart attack,
kidney damage, impotence, numbness, and reduced blood supply.
What is hyperglycemia? - Answers - High blood sugar.
What is hypoglycemia? - Answers - Low blood sugar.
What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? -
Answers - Heartburn
What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? - Answers -
Increased urinary frequency, urgency, oliguria, dysuria, foul-smelling urine, hematuria,
pyuria, fever, chills, lower abdominal pain, back pain.
