General Biology 1 Exam 2 Question
and answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Cytoplasm - correct answer ✔The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell.
Endosymbiosis - correct answer ✔The evolutionary process that created organelles such as chloroplasts
and mitochondria.
Peroxisomes - correct answer ✔Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. They are examples of
microbodies.
Nucleus - correct answer ✔-Controls all functions of a cell.
-The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged into the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
but not in prokaryotic cells.
-Contains DNA, which contains blueprints for making proteins
Central Vacuole - correct answer ✔Plant cells have this for storing water, wastes and other substances.
Ribosomes - correct answer ✔-Sphere-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of
RNA and protein
-Two types:
-Free: Found in cytoplasm
-Bound: in RER and is the site of protein synthesis.
Nuclear Pores - correct answer ✔The nuclear pore is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope
that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Does not permit
passage of DNA molecules outward.
, Chlorophyll - correct answer ✔Green pigment within chloroplasts.
Dynein - correct answer ✔Motor protein in cells which converts chemical energy contained in ATP into
the mechanical energy of movement.
ATP - correct answer ✔Adenosine triphosphate. A phosphorylated nucleotide hat supplies energy for
many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis. Made in the mitochondria
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio - correct answer ✔Relationship of the surface area of a structure, such as
a cell, to the volume it contains. As a cell's size increases, its volume increases faster than its surface
area
Light Microscopes - correct answer ✔Operate with light, uses binoculars and a variety of correcting
lenses
Membrane Structure - correct answer ✔-Phospholipids arranged in a bilayer
-Globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
-Fluid mosaic model: Mosaic of proteins floats in or on the fluid lipid bilayer like boats on a pond
4 Components of Cellular Membrane - correct answer ✔-Phospholipid bilayer
-Transmembrane proteins
-Interior protein network
-Cell surface markers
Phospholipid bilayer - correct answer ✔-Flexible matrix, barrier to permeability
-Hydrophilic head faces out
and answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Cytoplasm - correct answer ✔The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell.
Endosymbiosis - correct answer ✔The evolutionary process that created organelles such as chloroplasts
and mitochondria.
Peroxisomes - correct answer ✔Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. They are examples of
microbodies.
Nucleus - correct answer ✔-Controls all functions of a cell.
-The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged into the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
but not in prokaryotic cells.
-Contains DNA, which contains blueprints for making proteins
Central Vacuole - correct answer ✔Plant cells have this for storing water, wastes and other substances.
Ribosomes - correct answer ✔-Sphere-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of
RNA and protein
-Two types:
-Free: Found in cytoplasm
-Bound: in RER and is the site of protein synthesis.
Nuclear Pores - correct answer ✔The nuclear pore is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope
that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Does not permit
passage of DNA molecules outward.
, Chlorophyll - correct answer ✔Green pigment within chloroplasts.
Dynein - correct answer ✔Motor protein in cells which converts chemical energy contained in ATP into
the mechanical energy of movement.
ATP - correct answer ✔Adenosine triphosphate. A phosphorylated nucleotide hat supplies energy for
many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis. Made in the mitochondria
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio - correct answer ✔Relationship of the surface area of a structure, such as
a cell, to the volume it contains. As a cell's size increases, its volume increases faster than its surface
area
Light Microscopes - correct answer ✔Operate with light, uses binoculars and a variety of correcting
lenses
Membrane Structure - correct answer ✔-Phospholipids arranged in a bilayer
-Globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
-Fluid mosaic model: Mosaic of proteins floats in or on the fluid lipid bilayer like boats on a pond
4 Components of Cellular Membrane - correct answer ✔-Phospholipid bilayer
-Transmembrane proteins
-Interior protein network
-Cell surface markers
Phospholipid bilayer - correct answer ✔-Flexible matrix, barrier to permeability
-Hydrophilic head faces out
