BSC 101: Exam 2 (Illinois State University) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And
Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (56)
-the double helix What is the structure of DNA called?
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together
the central dogma while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring via DNA
duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called
transcription) and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is complementary to
the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; Universal Genetic Code
more evidence all life shares the same common ancestor
(codons)
Codon 3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for approximately
20 amino acids)
gene expression the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) separates DNA strands based on length (smaller molecules move faster through
the gel than large ones)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) taking a few copies of DNA and making millions of copies (ex: use when you only
have one drop of blood but need more to solve a crime)
- extract a gene from one species Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
- insert into a vector
- grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein
product of the gene
(how insulin is made)
, the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is
inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual
who donated the body cell diploid nucleus
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or Gene Therapy
dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones
as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells
carpel female ovary of the flower which is responsible for producing the ova (female
cells)
stigma pollen receptor of the flower and is a sticky tip at the top of a carpel
style connects the stigma to the ovary chamber
ovary houses the ovules at the bottom of the flower (ovule is a small egg)
stamen male reproductive part of the flower that contains the filament and the anther
anther produces pollen
filament stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower which supports the
anther
pollination the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, or plant to allow fertilization
fertilization action or process of fertilizing the ovules involving the fusion of male and female
gametes to form a zygote
pollination syndrome flower cues that attract different groups of pollinators
Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (56)
-the double helix What is the structure of DNA called?
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together
the central dogma while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring via DNA
duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called
transcription) and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is complementary to
the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; Universal Genetic Code
more evidence all life shares the same common ancestor
(codons)
Codon 3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for approximately
20 amino acids)
gene expression the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) separates DNA strands based on length (smaller molecules move faster through
the gel than large ones)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) taking a few copies of DNA and making millions of copies (ex: use when you only
have one drop of blood but need more to solve a crime)
- extract a gene from one species Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
- insert into a vector
- grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein
product of the gene
(how insulin is made)
, the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is
inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual
who donated the body cell diploid nucleus
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or Gene Therapy
dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones
as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells
carpel female ovary of the flower which is responsible for producing the ova (female
cells)
stigma pollen receptor of the flower and is a sticky tip at the top of a carpel
style connects the stigma to the ovary chamber
ovary houses the ovules at the bottom of the flower (ovule is a small egg)
stamen male reproductive part of the flower that contains the filament and the anther
anther produces pollen
filament stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower which supports the
anther
pollination the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, or plant to allow fertilization
fertilization action or process of fertilizing the ovules involving the fusion of male and female
gametes to form a zygote
pollination syndrome flower cues that attract different groups of pollinators
