EDF 6223 EXAM 2026 EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ model. Answer: an antecedent stimulus with topographical
similarity to the behavior the analyst wants to be imitated
◉ planned models. Answer: prearranged demonstrations of
behavior that show the learner exactly what to do, be it acquiring
new skills or refining the topography of certain elements of existing
skills
-can be live or filmed
◉ unplanned models. Answer: occasion imitation in everyday social
environments
◉ formal similarity. Answer: occurs when the model's and the
imitator's behavior physically resemble each other and are in the
same mode
◉ T/F: delayed behaviors replicating the topography of a model are
imitative. Answer: false, a close temporal relationships between the
,model's performance and the learner's behavior is an important
feature of imitation
◉ what is the most important property defining imitation?. Answer:
the controlling relation between a model's demonstration and a
learner's performance of topographically similar behavior
◉ when is a controlling relation between the model's behavior and
the imitator's behavior inferred?. Answer: when a model evokes a
similar behavior without a prior history of reinforcement
◉ T/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel
antecedent event. Answer: true
◉ imitation training. Answer: a systematic, research-based set of
steps for teaching a non-imitative learner to imitate models of noel
behavior
◉ imitation training protocol (1): assess, and teach if necessary,
prerequisite skills for imitation training. Answer: attending to the
model is a prerequisite skill for imitation training. assess the skills
for a minimum of 3 sessions and begin training if assessment data
shows adequate attending skills
, ◉ imitation training protocol (2):. Answer: practitioners may need
to select and use about 25 behaviors as models during imitation
training. including gross motor and fine motor movements as
models provides learners with opportunities to develop more
refined differentiation with their imitative skills. initial training
usually includes models of the movement of body parts and the
manipulation of physical objects
◉ imitation training protocol (3): pretest. Answer: the learner's
response to the selected models should be pretested:
1. prepare the learner's attending behaviors for the pretest
2. if using an object mode, place 1 in front of the learner and 1 in
front of yourself
3. say the learner's name to start, and when the learner makes eye
contact, say, "do this"
4. present the model
5. immediately praise each response that has formal similarity to the
model, and deliver reinforcement ASAP
6. record the learner's response as correct, incorrect, or as an
approximation of the model
7. continue pretesting with the remaining models
◉ imitation training protocol (4): sequence selected models for
training. Answer: use the pretest to arrange the presentation
sequence for the selected models, arranging the sequence from the
RESEARCH AND STATISTICS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ model. Answer: an antecedent stimulus with topographical
similarity to the behavior the analyst wants to be imitated
◉ planned models. Answer: prearranged demonstrations of
behavior that show the learner exactly what to do, be it acquiring
new skills or refining the topography of certain elements of existing
skills
-can be live or filmed
◉ unplanned models. Answer: occasion imitation in everyday social
environments
◉ formal similarity. Answer: occurs when the model's and the
imitator's behavior physically resemble each other and are in the
same mode
◉ T/F: delayed behaviors replicating the topography of a model are
imitative. Answer: false, a close temporal relationships between the
,model's performance and the learner's behavior is an important
feature of imitation
◉ what is the most important property defining imitation?. Answer:
the controlling relation between a model's demonstration and a
learner's performance of topographically similar behavior
◉ when is a controlling relation between the model's behavior and
the imitator's behavior inferred?. Answer: when a model evokes a
similar behavior without a prior history of reinforcement
◉ T/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel
antecedent event. Answer: true
◉ imitation training. Answer: a systematic, research-based set of
steps for teaching a non-imitative learner to imitate models of noel
behavior
◉ imitation training protocol (1): assess, and teach if necessary,
prerequisite skills for imitation training. Answer: attending to the
model is a prerequisite skill for imitation training. assess the skills
for a minimum of 3 sessions and begin training if assessment data
shows adequate attending skills
, ◉ imitation training protocol (2):. Answer: practitioners may need
to select and use about 25 behaviors as models during imitation
training. including gross motor and fine motor movements as
models provides learners with opportunities to develop more
refined differentiation with their imitative skills. initial training
usually includes models of the movement of body parts and the
manipulation of physical objects
◉ imitation training protocol (3): pretest. Answer: the learner's
response to the selected models should be pretested:
1. prepare the learner's attending behaviors for the pretest
2. if using an object mode, place 1 in front of the learner and 1 in
front of yourself
3. say the learner's name to start, and when the learner makes eye
contact, say, "do this"
4. present the model
5. immediately praise each response that has formal similarity to the
model, and deliver reinforcement ASAP
6. record the learner's response as correct, incorrect, or as an
approximation of the model
7. continue pretesting with the remaining models
◉ imitation training protocol (4): sequence selected models for
training. Answer: use the pretest to arrange the presentation
sequence for the selected models, arranging the sequence from the
