EDF 6223 EXAM 2026 ADVANCED RESEARCH
METHODS ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ imitation training protocol (2):. Answer: practitioners may need
to select and use about 25 behaviors as models during imitation
training. including gross motor and fine motor movements as
models provides learners with opportunities to develop more
refined differentiation with their imitative skills. initial training
usually includes models of the movement of body parts and the
manipulation of physical objects
◉ imitation training protocol (3): pretest. Answer: the learner's
response to the selected models should be pretested:
1. prepare the learner's attending behaviors for the pretest
2. if using an object mode, place 1 in front of the learner and 1 in
front of yourself
3. say the learner's name to start, and when the learner makes eye
contact, say, "do this"
4. present the model
5. immediately praise each response that has formal similarity to the
model, and deliver reinforcement ASAP
6. record the learner's response as correct, incorrect, or as an
approximation of the model
,7. continue pretesting with the remaining models
◉ imitation training protocol (4): sequence selected models for
training. Answer: use the pretest to arrange the presentation
sequence for the selected models, arranging the sequence from the
easiest to the most difficult models to imitate. the first models
selected are those that the learner imitated correctly on some, but
not all, of the pretest trials. the models that the learner responded to
incorrectly, but that approximated the model, are selected next.
finally, the models that the learner failed to perform, or performed
incorrectly, are the last to be selected for training
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: preassessment. Answer: use
the first 3 models currently selected for training and present them 3
times each in random order. if the learner's behavior has similarity
to the model on all 3 presentations, that model is removed from the
training. allows practitioners to evaluate the learner's current
performance on the models selected for training that session, and to
determine the learner's progress in learning to respond to the model
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: training. Answer:
practitioners use repeated presentations of 1 of the 3 models used in
the preassessment. the model selected first is the one most often
responded to during the preassessment. if the learner made only
approximations, the behavior with the closest similarity to the
model is selected first for training. training continues until the
learner responds to the model correctly on 5 consecutive trials
, ◉ conduct imitation training sessions: postassessment. Answer:
present 3 times each, 5 previously learned models and 5 models that
are still included in imitation training. remove a most recently
learned behavior from imitation training following 3 consecutive
postassessments in which the learner responds correctly without
physical guidance to the model 14 out of the 15 opportunities.
allows the practitioner to evaluate how well a learner performs the
previously and most recently learned behaviors
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: probe for imitation with
novel models. Answer: use approximately 5 nontrained, novel
models to probe for occurrences of imitation at the end of each
imitation training session, or intermix the probes with the training
trials. uses the same procedures as the preassessment, but without
using the antecedent verbal response prompt or other forms of
response prompts
◉ guidelines for imitation training. Answer: 1. keep sessions active
and brief: 10-15 minute sessions more than once daily
2. reinforce both prompted and imitative responses: in the
beginning, reinforce each occurrence of prompted responses and/or
imitation and do it immediately
3. pair verbal praise and attention with tangible reinforcement
4. if progress stalls, back up and move ahead slowly: return to an
earlier level of successful performance
METHODS ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ imitation training protocol (2):. Answer: practitioners may need
to select and use about 25 behaviors as models during imitation
training. including gross motor and fine motor movements as
models provides learners with opportunities to develop more
refined differentiation with their imitative skills. initial training
usually includes models of the movement of body parts and the
manipulation of physical objects
◉ imitation training protocol (3): pretest. Answer: the learner's
response to the selected models should be pretested:
1. prepare the learner's attending behaviors for the pretest
2. if using an object mode, place 1 in front of the learner and 1 in
front of yourself
3. say the learner's name to start, and when the learner makes eye
contact, say, "do this"
4. present the model
5. immediately praise each response that has formal similarity to the
model, and deliver reinforcement ASAP
6. record the learner's response as correct, incorrect, or as an
approximation of the model
,7. continue pretesting with the remaining models
◉ imitation training protocol (4): sequence selected models for
training. Answer: use the pretest to arrange the presentation
sequence for the selected models, arranging the sequence from the
easiest to the most difficult models to imitate. the first models
selected are those that the learner imitated correctly on some, but
not all, of the pretest trials. the models that the learner responded to
incorrectly, but that approximated the model, are selected next.
finally, the models that the learner failed to perform, or performed
incorrectly, are the last to be selected for training
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: preassessment. Answer: use
the first 3 models currently selected for training and present them 3
times each in random order. if the learner's behavior has similarity
to the model on all 3 presentations, that model is removed from the
training. allows practitioners to evaluate the learner's current
performance on the models selected for training that session, and to
determine the learner's progress in learning to respond to the model
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: training. Answer:
practitioners use repeated presentations of 1 of the 3 models used in
the preassessment. the model selected first is the one most often
responded to during the preassessment. if the learner made only
approximations, the behavior with the closest similarity to the
model is selected first for training. training continues until the
learner responds to the model correctly on 5 consecutive trials
, ◉ conduct imitation training sessions: postassessment. Answer:
present 3 times each, 5 previously learned models and 5 models that
are still included in imitation training. remove a most recently
learned behavior from imitation training following 3 consecutive
postassessments in which the learner responds correctly without
physical guidance to the model 14 out of the 15 opportunities.
allows the practitioner to evaluate how well a learner performs the
previously and most recently learned behaviors
◉ conduct imitation training sessions: probe for imitation with
novel models. Answer: use approximately 5 nontrained, novel
models to probe for occurrences of imitation at the end of each
imitation training session, or intermix the probes with the training
trials. uses the same procedures as the preassessment, but without
using the antecedent verbal response prompt or other forms of
response prompts
◉ guidelines for imitation training. Answer: 1. keep sessions active
and brief: 10-15 minute sessions more than once daily
2. reinforce both prompted and imitative responses: in the
beginning, reinforce each occurrence of prompted responses and/or
imitation and do it immediately
3. pair verbal praise and attention with tangible reinforcement
4. if progress stalls, back up and move ahead slowly: return to an
earlier level of successful performance
