GRCC BI 122 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
Terms in this set (134)
What is ventilation? Mechanical movement of air into and out of lungs.
What is external respiration? Gas exchange between alveoli and blood.
What is internal respiration? Gas exchange between blood and body tissues.
What is cellular respiration? Cells use O₂ to produce ATP from glucose; CO₂ is produced as waste.
What is the function of nasal conchae? Create turbulence to warm, filter, and humidify incoming air.
What is the function of the pharynx? Passageway for air and food.
What is the function of the larynx? Phonation (produces sound).
What is the function of the trachea? Passageway for air.
What is the function of bronchi? Conduct air into lungs; cartilage prevents collapse.
What is the function of bronchioles? Small airways that regulate airflow via constriction/dilation.
What is the function of paranasal sinuses? Lighten skull; warm, humidify air.
What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct? Drains tears into nasal cavity to moisten and clean.
What is the function of olfactory epithelium? Sense of smell.
What do true vocal folds do? Produce sound; vibrate during speech.
What do false vocal folds do? Do not produce sound; protect airway and help close larynx during swallowing.
What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the Keep airway open while allowing esophagus to expand during swallowing and
trachea? allowing neck flexibility.
What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles? Bronchi are larger airways with cartilage; bronchioles are smaller airways without
cartilage.
What is the functional unit of the lung? Alveoli: Site of gas exchange between air and blood.
Trace the path of air from the external nares to the Nasal conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
alveoli.
, What is the location and function of pseudostratified Location: Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Function: Secretes
ciliated columnar epithelium? mucus and moves debris via cilia.
What is the location and function of stratified squamous Location: Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus. Function:
epithelium? Protection from abrasion.
What is the location and function of simple squamous Location: Bronchioles and alveoli. Function: Rapid diffusion of gases.
epithelium?
What is the function of the visceral pleura? Covers organ and extends between lobes.
What is the function of the parietal pleura? Lines pleural cavity.
What is Boyle's Law? Pressure and volume are inversely proportionate.
What happens during the mechanics of inspiration? Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the
thoracic cavity and decreasing pressure.
What is surface tension in the context of respiration? Water molecules inside the alveoli are attracted to each other and tend to
collapse the alveoli.
What is the function of surfactant? Reduces surface tension in the alveoli to prevent collapse and ease inflation
during inspiration.
What occurs during quiet expiration? Volume of thoracic cavity decreases, leading to an increase in intra-thoracic
pressure.
What occurs during forceful expiration? Volume of thoracic cavity increases, reducing intra-thoracic pressure.
How does Henry's Law apply to respiration? Gas will be forced into solution at higher partial pressures.
What are the two mechanisms of oxygen transport in the 5% carried dissolved in plasma, 95% carried by hemoglobin.
body?
What factors affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? pH decreases affinity for oxygen; increased CO2 lowers pH and decreases
affinity.
What are the three mechanisms of CO2 transport in the 7% dissolved in plasma, 23% carried by hemoglobin, 70% transported as
body? bicarbonate.
What buffers H+ from affecting blood pH? H+ combines with hemoglobin, acting as a buffer.
What is respiratory acidosis? Decreased plasma pH due to increased H+, usually from hypoventilation.
What is respiratory alkalosis? Increased plasma pH due to decreased CO₂, usually from hyperventilation.
What is the function of the dorsal respiratory group? Generates impulses to activate diaphragm and external intercostal muscles for
normal breathing.
Terms in this set (134)
What is ventilation? Mechanical movement of air into and out of lungs.
What is external respiration? Gas exchange between alveoli and blood.
What is internal respiration? Gas exchange between blood and body tissues.
What is cellular respiration? Cells use O₂ to produce ATP from glucose; CO₂ is produced as waste.
What is the function of nasal conchae? Create turbulence to warm, filter, and humidify incoming air.
What is the function of the pharynx? Passageway for air and food.
What is the function of the larynx? Phonation (produces sound).
What is the function of the trachea? Passageway for air.
What is the function of bronchi? Conduct air into lungs; cartilage prevents collapse.
What is the function of bronchioles? Small airways that regulate airflow via constriction/dilation.
What is the function of paranasal sinuses? Lighten skull; warm, humidify air.
What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct? Drains tears into nasal cavity to moisten and clean.
What is the function of olfactory epithelium? Sense of smell.
What do true vocal folds do? Produce sound; vibrate during speech.
What do false vocal folds do? Do not produce sound; protect airway and help close larynx during swallowing.
What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the Keep airway open while allowing esophagus to expand during swallowing and
trachea? allowing neck flexibility.
What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles? Bronchi are larger airways with cartilage; bronchioles are smaller airways without
cartilage.
What is the functional unit of the lung? Alveoli: Site of gas exchange between air and blood.
Trace the path of air from the external nares to the Nasal conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
alveoli.
, What is the location and function of pseudostratified Location: Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Function: Secretes
ciliated columnar epithelium? mucus and moves debris via cilia.
What is the location and function of stratified squamous Location: Oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus. Function:
epithelium? Protection from abrasion.
What is the location and function of simple squamous Location: Bronchioles and alveoli. Function: Rapid diffusion of gases.
epithelium?
What is the function of the visceral pleura? Covers organ and extends between lobes.
What is the function of the parietal pleura? Lines pleural cavity.
What is Boyle's Law? Pressure and volume are inversely proportionate.
What happens during the mechanics of inspiration? Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the
thoracic cavity and decreasing pressure.
What is surface tension in the context of respiration? Water molecules inside the alveoli are attracted to each other and tend to
collapse the alveoli.
What is the function of surfactant? Reduces surface tension in the alveoli to prevent collapse and ease inflation
during inspiration.
What occurs during quiet expiration? Volume of thoracic cavity decreases, leading to an increase in intra-thoracic
pressure.
What occurs during forceful expiration? Volume of thoracic cavity increases, reducing intra-thoracic pressure.
How does Henry's Law apply to respiration? Gas will be forced into solution at higher partial pressures.
What are the two mechanisms of oxygen transport in the 5% carried dissolved in plasma, 95% carried by hemoglobin.
body?
What factors affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? pH decreases affinity for oxygen; increased CO2 lowers pH and decreases
affinity.
What are the three mechanisms of CO2 transport in the 7% dissolved in plasma, 23% carried by hemoglobin, 70% transported as
body? bicarbonate.
What buffers H+ from affecting blood pH? H+ combines with hemoglobin, acting as a buffer.
What is respiratory acidosis? Decreased plasma pH due to increased H+, usually from hypoventilation.
What is respiratory alkalosis? Increased plasma pH due to decreased CO₂, usually from hyperventilation.
What is the function of the dorsal respiratory group? Generates impulses to activate diaphragm and external intercostal muscles for
normal breathing.
