ITN 170: NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 2026/2027 | 100% VERIFIED EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATED 2026
1. What is network infrastructure? ANSWER : Network infrastructure
refers to the hardware and software resources of an entire network that
enable network connectivity, communication, operations and
management of an enterprise network. It provides the communication
path and services between users, processes, applications, services and
external networks/the internet.
2. What are the key components of network infrastructure? ANSWER
: Key components include routers, switches, hubs, repeaters, bridges,
servers, clients, transmission media (cables/wireless), network interface
cards (NICs), gateways, firewalls, load balancers, and network operating
systems.
3. What is a Local Area Network (LAN)? ANSWER : A LAN is a
computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such
as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
4. What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)? ANSWER : A WAN is a
telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area
for the primary purpose of computer networking. The Internet is the
largest WAN.
5. What is the OSI model? ANSWER : The OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to standardize the
functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven
abstraction layers.
6. List the seven layers of the OSI model from top to bottom. ANSWER
: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link,
Physical.
7. What is the function of the Physical layer in the OSI
model? ANSWER : The Physical layer deals with the physical
connection between devices. It transmits raw bit streams over a physical
medium.
, 8. What is the Data Link layer responsible for? ANSWER : The Data
Link layer provides node-to-node data transfer—a link between two
directly connected nodes. It detects and possibly corrects errors that may
occur in the Physical layer.
9. What is the role of the Network layer? ANSWER : The Network layer
is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through
intermediate routers.
10.What does the Transport layer do? ANSWER : The Transport layer
provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is
responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.
11.What is the Session layer responsible for? ANSWER : The Session
layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It
establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local
and remote application.
12.What is the Presentation layer's function? ANSWER : The
Presentation layer transforms data to provide a standard interface for the
Application layer. It handles encryption, compression, and data
translation.
13.What does the Application layer do? ANSWER : The Application
layer provides an interface for users and application processes to access
network services.
14.What is TCP/IP? ANSWER : TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of communication protocols used to
interconnect network devices on the internet.
15.What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model? ANSWER
: Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access.
16.What is the difference between TCP and UDP? ANSWER : TCP is
connection-oriented and ensures reliable data delivery with error
checking and flow control. UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee
delivery, making it faster but less reliable.
17.What is an IP address? ANSWER : An IP (Internet Protocol) address
is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer
network that uses the IP for communication.
18.What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? ANSWER : IPv4 uses
32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is running out of addresses. IPv6
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATED 2026
1. What is network infrastructure? ANSWER : Network infrastructure
refers to the hardware and software resources of an entire network that
enable network connectivity, communication, operations and
management of an enterprise network. It provides the communication
path and services between users, processes, applications, services and
external networks/the internet.
2. What are the key components of network infrastructure? ANSWER
: Key components include routers, switches, hubs, repeaters, bridges,
servers, clients, transmission media (cables/wireless), network interface
cards (NICs), gateways, firewalls, load balancers, and network operating
systems.
3. What is a Local Area Network (LAN)? ANSWER : A LAN is a
computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such
as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
4. What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)? ANSWER : A WAN is a
telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area
for the primary purpose of computer networking. The Internet is the
largest WAN.
5. What is the OSI model? ANSWER : The OSI (Open Systems
Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to standardize the
functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven
abstraction layers.
6. List the seven layers of the OSI model from top to bottom. ANSWER
: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link,
Physical.
7. What is the function of the Physical layer in the OSI
model? ANSWER : The Physical layer deals with the physical
connection between devices. It transmits raw bit streams over a physical
medium.
, 8. What is the Data Link layer responsible for? ANSWER : The Data
Link layer provides node-to-node data transfer—a link between two
directly connected nodes. It detects and possibly corrects errors that may
occur in the Physical layer.
9. What is the role of the Network layer? ANSWER : The Network layer
is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through
intermediate routers.
10.What does the Transport layer do? ANSWER : The Transport layer
provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is
responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.
11.What is the Session layer responsible for? ANSWER : The Session
layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It
establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local
and remote application.
12.What is the Presentation layer's function? ANSWER : The
Presentation layer transforms data to provide a standard interface for the
Application layer. It handles encryption, compression, and data
translation.
13.What does the Application layer do? ANSWER : The Application
layer provides an interface for users and application processes to access
network services.
14.What is TCP/IP? ANSWER : TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of communication protocols used to
interconnect network devices on the internet.
15.What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model? ANSWER
: Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access.
16.What is the difference between TCP and UDP? ANSWER : TCP is
connection-oriented and ensures reliable data delivery with error
checking and flow control. UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee
delivery, making it faster but less reliable.
17.What is an IP address? ANSWER : An IP (Internet Protocol) address
is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer
network that uses the IP for communication.
18.What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? ANSWER : IPv4 uses
32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and is running out of addresses. IPv6
