Final Az036 Questions with Complete
Solutions.
Informal Assessment - Answer occurs in a more casual manner and may include observation,
inventories, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, performance and portfolio assessments,
participation, peer and self-evaluation, and discussion
Formal Assessment - Answer standardized written or performance test of knowledge,
aptitude, values, etc.
Piaget's Theory - Answer Theory stating that children actively construct their understanding
of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - Answer 1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
Vygotsky's Theory - Answer emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive
development
Physical Development - Answer a developmental process that refers to the physical growth
of a person's body; this growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems
social-emotional development - Answer changes in the ways we connect to other individuals
and express and understand emotions
cognitive development - Answer study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think,
reason, communicate, and remember
fine motor skills - Answer physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the
hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin
gross motor skills - Answer physical abilities involving large body movements, such as
walking and jumping
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - Answer (1) Trust vs. Mistrust;
(2) Autonomy vs. Shame;
, (3) Initiative vs. Guilt;
(4) Industry vs. Inferiority;
(5) Identity vs. Confusion;
(6) Intimacy vs. Isolation;
(7) Generativity vs. Self-absorption;
(8) Integrity vs. Despair.
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences - Answer Eight intelligences in problem
solving: namely linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic,
interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Possible ninth is existential.
Assimilation - Answer taking in new information
accommodation - Answer adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate
new information
sensorimotor stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age)
during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities
preoperational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of
age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental
operations of concrete logic
concrete operational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that
enable them to think logically about concrete events
formal operational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract
concepts
solitary play - Answer a child plays alone, unaware of any other children playing nearby
cooperative play - Answer activity in which children actually play with one another
Parallel play - Answer activity in which children play side by side without interacting
Solutions.
Informal Assessment - Answer occurs in a more casual manner and may include observation,
inventories, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, performance and portfolio assessments,
participation, peer and self-evaluation, and discussion
Formal Assessment - Answer standardized written or performance test of knowledge,
aptitude, values, etc.
Piaget's Theory - Answer Theory stating that children actively construct their understanding
of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - Answer 1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
Vygotsky's Theory - Answer emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive
development
Physical Development - Answer a developmental process that refers to the physical growth
of a person's body; this growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems
social-emotional development - Answer changes in the ways we connect to other individuals
and express and understand emotions
cognitive development - Answer study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think,
reason, communicate, and remember
fine motor skills - Answer physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the
hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin
gross motor skills - Answer physical abilities involving large body movements, such as
walking and jumping
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - Answer (1) Trust vs. Mistrust;
(2) Autonomy vs. Shame;
, (3) Initiative vs. Guilt;
(4) Industry vs. Inferiority;
(5) Identity vs. Confusion;
(6) Intimacy vs. Isolation;
(7) Generativity vs. Self-absorption;
(8) Integrity vs. Despair.
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences - Answer Eight intelligences in problem
solving: namely linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic,
interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Possible ninth is existential.
Assimilation - Answer taking in new information
accommodation - Answer adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate
new information
sensorimotor stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age)
during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities
preoperational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of
age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental
operations of concrete logic
concrete operational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that
enable them to think logically about concrete events
formal operational stage - Answer in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract
concepts
solitary play - Answer a child plays alone, unaware of any other children playing nearby
cooperative play - Answer activity in which children actually play with one another
Parallel play - Answer activity in which children play side by side without interacting
