NRS 2014 - Health Assessment -
Lecture Exam 3 Final Test with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
Musculoskeletal Assessment Components - Answer Nonsynovial or synovial joints
Muscles
Temporomandibular joint
Spine
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist and carpals
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
Nonsynovial Joints - Answer bones united by fibrous tissue or cartilage
--Immovable, no ROM
--example - sutures in skull
Synovial Joints - Answer Supported by ligaments
---Fibrous bands running bone to bone
---Strengthen joint
---Prevent movement in some directions - protective measure
Move freely because
---Bones enclosed in cavity filled with lubricant, or synovial fluid, which allows sliding/
movement
---Bursae (sacs of synovial fluid like joint cavities) cushion areas of friction - protective
---Layer of resilient cartilage covers surface of opposing bones
------Is nourished by synovial fluid
------Cushions bones
6 types of synovial joints - Answer Plane/Gliding Saddle - forward and back motion
Hinge/Pivot - movement in one plane, bending type of motion
,---ex. elbow and knee
Ball and Socket/Ellipsoid - fuller ROM
---ex. shoulder and neck
Muscles - Answer Muscles account for 40% to 50% of body's weight
When muscles contract, they produce movement
Three types of muscles are:
1. Skeletal
--Voluntary
--Attached to bones via tendons
2. Smooth
--Involuntary
3. Cardiac
Skeletal Muscle Movements - Answer Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Supination
Circumduction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) - Answer Articulation of mandible and temporal bone
,In the depression anterior to tragus of ear
TMJ permits speaking and chewing
Allows three motions:
-Hinge action to open and close jaws
-Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
-Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw
Spine and Vertebrae - Answer Vertebrae are 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical
column
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal
Can feel spinous processes in furrow down midline of back
Surface Landmarks of Spine - Answer
Spine - Answer Lateral view shows vertebral column has four curves, a double-S shape
Cervical and lumbar curves are concave (inward or anterior)
Thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are convex
Balanced or compensatory nature of curves, together with intervertebral disks, allow spine to
absorb shock
Spinal Disks - Answer Each disk center has nucleus pulposus, made of soft, semifluid, mucoid
material
Disks cushion spine like shock absorber and help it move
As spine moves, elasticity of disks allows compression on one side, with compensatory
expansion on other
, Motions of vertebral column are flexion (bending forward), extension (bending back), abduction
(to either side), and rotation
Shoulder Joint - Answer Glenohumeral joint: articulation of humerus with glenoid fossa of
scapula
Ball-and-socket action allows mobility of arm on many axes
Rotator cuff: group of four muscles and tendons support and stabilize shoulder
Palpable landmarks to guide your examination
--Scapula and clavicle form shoulder girdle
--Can feel the bump of the scapula's acromion process at very top of shoulder
Elbow Joint - Answer Elbow joint contains three bony articulations: humerus, radius, and
ulna of forearm
--Hinge action moves forearm (radius and ulna) on one plane, allowing flexion and extension
Palpable landmarks are medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus and large olecranon process
of ulna between them
Radius and ulna articulate with each other at two radioulnar joints, one at elbow and one at
wrist
--Permit pronation and supination of hand and forearm
Wrists and Carpals - Answer Wrist, or radiocarpal joint: articulation of radius on thumb side
and row of carpal bones
--Condyloid action permits movement in two planes at right angles: flexion and extension, and
side-to-side deviation
Midcarpal joint: articulation allows flexion, extension, and some rotation
Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints permit finger flexion and extension
Flexor tendons of wrist and hand enclosed in synovial sheaths
Lecture Exam 3 Final Test with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
Musculoskeletal Assessment Components - Answer Nonsynovial or synovial joints
Muscles
Temporomandibular joint
Spine
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist and carpals
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
Nonsynovial Joints - Answer bones united by fibrous tissue or cartilage
--Immovable, no ROM
--example - sutures in skull
Synovial Joints - Answer Supported by ligaments
---Fibrous bands running bone to bone
---Strengthen joint
---Prevent movement in some directions - protective measure
Move freely because
---Bones enclosed in cavity filled with lubricant, or synovial fluid, which allows sliding/
movement
---Bursae (sacs of synovial fluid like joint cavities) cushion areas of friction - protective
---Layer of resilient cartilage covers surface of opposing bones
------Is nourished by synovial fluid
------Cushions bones
6 types of synovial joints - Answer Plane/Gliding Saddle - forward and back motion
Hinge/Pivot - movement in one plane, bending type of motion
,---ex. elbow and knee
Ball and Socket/Ellipsoid - fuller ROM
---ex. shoulder and neck
Muscles - Answer Muscles account for 40% to 50% of body's weight
When muscles contract, they produce movement
Three types of muscles are:
1. Skeletal
--Voluntary
--Attached to bones via tendons
2. Smooth
--Involuntary
3. Cardiac
Skeletal Muscle Movements - Answer Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Supination
Circumduction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) - Answer Articulation of mandible and temporal bone
,In the depression anterior to tragus of ear
TMJ permits speaking and chewing
Allows three motions:
-Hinge action to open and close jaws
-Gliding action for protrusion and retraction
-Gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw
Spine and Vertebrae - Answer Vertebrae are 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical
column
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 to 4 coccygeal
Can feel spinous processes in furrow down midline of back
Surface Landmarks of Spine - Answer
Spine - Answer Lateral view shows vertebral column has four curves, a double-S shape
Cervical and lumbar curves are concave (inward or anterior)
Thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are convex
Balanced or compensatory nature of curves, together with intervertebral disks, allow spine to
absorb shock
Spinal Disks - Answer Each disk center has nucleus pulposus, made of soft, semifluid, mucoid
material
Disks cushion spine like shock absorber and help it move
As spine moves, elasticity of disks allows compression on one side, with compensatory
expansion on other
, Motions of vertebral column are flexion (bending forward), extension (bending back), abduction
(to either side), and rotation
Shoulder Joint - Answer Glenohumeral joint: articulation of humerus with glenoid fossa of
scapula
Ball-and-socket action allows mobility of arm on many axes
Rotator cuff: group of four muscles and tendons support and stabilize shoulder
Palpable landmarks to guide your examination
--Scapula and clavicle form shoulder girdle
--Can feel the bump of the scapula's acromion process at very top of shoulder
Elbow Joint - Answer Elbow joint contains three bony articulations: humerus, radius, and
ulna of forearm
--Hinge action moves forearm (radius and ulna) on one plane, allowing flexion and extension
Palpable landmarks are medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus and large olecranon process
of ulna between them
Radius and ulna articulate with each other at two radioulnar joints, one at elbow and one at
wrist
--Permit pronation and supination of hand and forearm
Wrists and Carpals - Answer Wrist, or radiocarpal joint: articulation of radius on thumb side
and row of carpal bones
--Condyloid action permits movement in two planes at right angles: flexion and extension, and
side-to-side deviation
Midcarpal joint: articulation allows flexion, extension, and some rotation
Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints permit finger flexion and extension
Flexor tendons of wrist and hand enclosed in synovial sheaths
