NR 324 Adult Health I – Week 4 Study Guide with
Practice Questions and Correct Answers
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of delivering blood to tissues
and organs to supply oxygen and nutrients.
What is peripheral perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Blood flow to peripheral
tissues (e.g., extremities).
What is central perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Blood pumped by the heart to
major organs
What happens without adequate perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell death
What is ischemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduced blood flow (impaired perfusion).
What is infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER -Complete tissue death due to lack of
blood supply.
Which occurs first: ischemia or infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ischemia.
Common conditions causing impaired perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hyperlipidemia, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis.
,Modifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -Smoking, obesity, inactivity.
Nonmodifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -Age, gender, family history.
Signs of decreased peripheral perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cool skin,
pallor/cyanosis, decreased hair, pain, ulcers, gangrene.
Signs of decreased central perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Chest pain, dyspnea,
dizziness, syncope
Signs of decreased cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypotension,
tachycardia, confusion, diaphoresis, dysrhythmias.
What are the 6 Ps? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis, poikilothermia.
Key prevention strategies for perfusion issues - CORRECT ANSWER -Healthy diet,
exercise, smoking cessation, BP monitoring.
Aphasia indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Localized brain perfusion issue
Loss of consciousness indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Systemic perfusion
problem.
What does an ECG measure? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrical activity of the heart.
, Normal heart rate (SA node)? - CORRECT ANSWER -60-100 bpm.
Pathway of electrical conduction? - CORRECT ANSWER -SA node → AV node →
Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
SA node rate - CORRECT ANSWER -60-100 bpm
AV node rate - CORRECT ANSWER -40-60 bpm
Purkinje fibers rate - CORRECT ANSWER -20-40 bpm
What is the atrial kick? - CORRECT ANSWER -Extra 20-30% blood pushed into
ventricles during atrial contraction
P wave represents - CORRECT ANSWER -Atrial depolarization
QRS complex represents - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventricular depolarization.
T wave represents? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventricular repolarization
Normal PR interval? - CORRECT ANSWER -0.12-0.20 sec
Normal QRS duration - CORRECT ANSWER -0.08-0.12 sec
Practice Questions and Correct Answers
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of delivering blood to tissues
and organs to supply oxygen and nutrients.
What is peripheral perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Blood flow to peripheral
tissues (e.g., extremities).
What is central perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Blood pumped by the heart to
major organs
What happens without adequate perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell death
What is ischemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Reduced blood flow (impaired perfusion).
What is infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER -Complete tissue death due to lack of
blood supply.
Which occurs first: ischemia or infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ischemia.
Common conditions causing impaired perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hyperlipidemia, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis.
,Modifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -Smoking, obesity, inactivity.
Nonmodifiable risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER -Age, gender, family history.
Signs of decreased peripheral perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cool skin,
pallor/cyanosis, decreased hair, pain, ulcers, gangrene.
Signs of decreased central perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER -Chest pain, dyspnea,
dizziness, syncope
Signs of decreased cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypotension,
tachycardia, confusion, diaphoresis, dysrhythmias.
What are the 6 Ps? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia,
paralysis, poikilothermia.
Key prevention strategies for perfusion issues - CORRECT ANSWER -Healthy diet,
exercise, smoking cessation, BP monitoring.
Aphasia indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Localized brain perfusion issue
Loss of consciousness indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Systemic perfusion
problem.
What does an ECG measure? - CORRECT ANSWER -Electrical activity of the heart.
, Normal heart rate (SA node)? - CORRECT ANSWER -60-100 bpm.
Pathway of electrical conduction? - CORRECT ANSWER -SA node → AV node →
Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
SA node rate - CORRECT ANSWER -60-100 bpm
AV node rate - CORRECT ANSWER -40-60 bpm
Purkinje fibers rate - CORRECT ANSWER -20-40 bpm
What is the atrial kick? - CORRECT ANSWER -Extra 20-30% blood pushed into
ventricles during atrial contraction
P wave represents - CORRECT ANSWER -Atrial depolarization
QRS complex represents - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventricular depolarization.
T wave represents? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventricular repolarization
Normal PR interval? - CORRECT ANSWER -0.12-0.20 sec
Normal QRS duration - CORRECT ANSWER -0.08-0.12 sec
