NSG233 Exam – Questions And Verified Answers
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Terms in this set (293)
pH normal range 7.35 to 7.45
Acidosis (acidemia) occurs when pH drops below
7.35
Alkalosis (alkalemia) occurs when the pH rises above
7.45
PaCO2 normal range 35-45 mm Hg
PO2 norm? 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 normal range 22-26 mEq/L or mmol/L
Is CO2 an acid or a base? acid
what body part is co2 related to? lungs
what type of breathing blows off co2 fast and deep
what type of breathing retains co2 slow and shallow
is there a normal decline of po2 in yes, mechanical properties of the lungs, including
older adults, why loss of elastic recoil and increase in closing volume.
what influences respiration most, po2 pco2
or pco2?
what is a level of hypoxemia? Below 60
what is HCO3 base or acid? base
,how is the HCO3 in blood regulated? by the kidneys
what is HCO3? Bicarbonate, biproduct of metabolsim
what are the s/s of acidosis? headache, confusion, dec LOC, SOB, tachycardia,
seizure, muscle weakeness
what is metabolic acidosis? low pH, low HCO3
Too much acid and body is anaerobic state-low o2
lactic acid buildup
causes of metabolic acidosis? DKA, severe diarrhea (loss of bicarb in stool), acute
renal failure, shock, uremia (toxin in blood)
diagnosis for metabolic acidosis? ABG, electrolytes, ECG, dialysis, IV fluids
tx for met acidosis Treat underlying cause first, Treat Diabetes, Support
cardiac, Give bicarb, Resolve diarrhea, Tx cause of
renal failure
what is metabolic alkalosis? High pH High HCO3
Too much bicarb and/or loss of H ions RR 12 (trying
to retain CO2 in body)
Cause of met. alkalosis Gl losses •Loss of K w diuretic •Excessive antacid
Numbness, tingling (d/t issue with ionized calcium),
paralytic ileus, dehydration, Vomiting (loss of ions =
acid
dx of met alkalosis Electrolytes, ECG, urinalysis
tx of met alkalosis Examine meds Stop N&V Slow suction and or change
to intermittent
,what is respiratory acidosis? Low Ph, high PaCo2, high HCO3 or normal
What is the cause of respiratory hypoventilation (RR 12)
acidosis? CNS depression •Opioid overdose Obstructive lung
disease: Ex: COPD, Emphysema Pneumonia Muscular
dystrophy Gillian Barre syndrome Mechanical
ventilation Spinal/head injury
what is the dx of resp acidosis? ABG, Electrolytes, ECG, Drug screen, CXR
Tx of respiratory acidosis Deep Breathing & coughing, 02
Treat Cause: Antibiotics, bronchodilators, mech. vent,
stop sedative meds.
what is respiratory alkalosis? High pH Low CO2
Excess CO2 blow off = decrease plasma carb acid
concentration
what is the cause of resp alkalosis? Hyperventilation RR >40
Anxiety, panic attack • Irritability/Restless
•Hypoxemia, • Fever • Pain, •Neuro injury •ASA
overdose •CNS disturbance
dx of resp alkalosis ABG, Electrolytes, ECG, toxicology screen
tx of resp alkalosis Reduce anxiety, breathing exercises, distractions,
Ativan for severe cases IV fluids, Ins/Outs
what is arterial blood gas? Blood taken from an artery
what is the purpose of arterial blood - Results provide information about alveolar
gas? ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base balance
- To evaluate respiratory and renal function
- A method to determine acid-base and electrolyte
imbalances
- concentrations of serum electrolytes (sodium,
potassium, chloride)
, How is an ABG taken? taken from artery
- radial
- brachial or femoral
- arterial line
Who can draw ABG's RT, physician, nurse (critcal care)
how long does it take in time for ABG <5 min to run test
test
what are risks of abg - More painful procedure than regular blood test
- Increased risk of bleeding
- Increased risk of hematoma at puncture site
what else can abg measure? - electrolytes na and k
- glucose
- lactate
- hgb
Save Groups
Terms in this set (293)
pH normal range 7.35 to 7.45
Acidosis (acidemia) occurs when pH drops below
7.35
Alkalosis (alkalemia) occurs when the pH rises above
7.45
PaCO2 normal range 35-45 mm Hg
PO2 norm? 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 normal range 22-26 mEq/L or mmol/L
Is CO2 an acid or a base? acid
what body part is co2 related to? lungs
what type of breathing blows off co2 fast and deep
what type of breathing retains co2 slow and shallow
is there a normal decline of po2 in yes, mechanical properties of the lungs, including
older adults, why loss of elastic recoil and increase in closing volume.
what influences respiration most, po2 pco2
or pco2?
what is a level of hypoxemia? Below 60
what is HCO3 base or acid? base
,how is the HCO3 in blood regulated? by the kidneys
what is HCO3? Bicarbonate, biproduct of metabolsim
what are the s/s of acidosis? headache, confusion, dec LOC, SOB, tachycardia,
seizure, muscle weakeness
what is metabolic acidosis? low pH, low HCO3
Too much acid and body is anaerobic state-low o2
lactic acid buildup
causes of metabolic acidosis? DKA, severe diarrhea (loss of bicarb in stool), acute
renal failure, shock, uremia (toxin in blood)
diagnosis for metabolic acidosis? ABG, electrolytes, ECG, dialysis, IV fluids
tx for met acidosis Treat underlying cause first, Treat Diabetes, Support
cardiac, Give bicarb, Resolve diarrhea, Tx cause of
renal failure
what is metabolic alkalosis? High pH High HCO3
Too much bicarb and/or loss of H ions RR 12 (trying
to retain CO2 in body)
Cause of met. alkalosis Gl losses •Loss of K w diuretic •Excessive antacid
Numbness, tingling (d/t issue with ionized calcium),
paralytic ileus, dehydration, Vomiting (loss of ions =
acid
dx of met alkalosis Electrolytes, ECG, urinalysis
tx of met alkalosis Examine meds Stop N&V Slow suction and or change
to intermittent
,what is respiratory acidosis? Low Ph, high PaCo2, high HCO3 or normal
What is the cause of respiratory hypoventilation (RR 12)
acidosis? CNS depression •Opioid overdose Obstructive lung
disease: Ex: COPD, Emphysema Pneumonia Muscular
dystrophy Gillian Barre syndrome Mechanical
ventilation Spinal/head injury
what is the dx of resp acidosis? ABG, Electrolytes, ECG, Drug screen, CXR
Tx of respiratory acidosis Deep Breathing & coughing, 02
Treat Cause: Antibiotics, bronchodilators, mech. vent,
stop sedative meds.
what is respiratory alkalosis? High pH Low CO2
Excess CO2 blow off = decrease plasma carb acid
concentration
what is the cause of resp alkalosis? Hyperventilation RR >40
Anxiety, panic attack • Irritability/Restless
•Hypoxemia, • Fever • Pain, •Neuro injury •ASA
overdose •CNS disturbance
dx of resp alkalosis ABG, Electrolytes, ECG, toxicology screen
tx of resp alkalosis Reduce anxiety, breathing exercises, distractions,
Ativan for severe cases IV fluids, Ins/Outs
what is arterial blood gas? Blood taken from an artery
what is the purpose of arterial blood - Results provide information about alveolar
gas? ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base balance
- To evaluate respiratory and renal function
- A method to determine acid-base and electrolyte
imbalances
- concentrations of serum electrolytes (sodium,
potassium, chloride)
, How is an ABG taken? taken from artery
- radial
- brachial or femoral
- arterial line
Who can draw ABG's RT, physician, nurse (critcal care)
how long does it take in time for ABG <5 min to run test
test
what are risks of abg - More painful procedure than regular blood test
- Increased risk of bleeding
- Increased risk of hematoma at puncture site
what else can abg measure? - electrolytes na and k
- glucose
- lactate
- hgb
