Nursing I (NURS 113-121): Assessment: Vital Signs (Exam 1)
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the vital signs we look at? temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain, oxygen saturation, smoking
status, emotional distress
When should you measure a pt's VS? admission to hospital; beginning of each shift; at visit to healthcare provider's
office/clinic; before, during, after surgery; when monitoring effects of meds, when
pt's condition changes
DEF: degree of heat maintained by body body temperature
What is thermoregulation? process of maintaining stable internal body temperature
What are average vital signs for newborns? 98.2°F axillary, 130(80-180) pulse, 30-60 resp, 80/40 BP
What are average vital signs for 1-3 yr olds? 99.9°F rectal , 110 (80-150) pulse, 20-40 resp, 98/64 BP
What are average vital signs for 6-8 yr olds? 98.6°F oral, 95 (75-115) pulse, 20-25 resp, 102/56 BP
What are average vital signs for 10 yr olds? 98.6°F oral, 90 (70-100) pulse, 17-22 resp, 110/58 BP
What are average vital signs for teens? 98.6°F oral, 80 (55-105) pulse, 15-20 resp, 110/70 BP
What are average vital signs for adults? 98°F oral, 80 (60-100) pulse, 12-20 resp, <120/80 BP
What are average vital signs for adults >70? 95°F oral, 80 (60-100) pulse, 12-20 resp, 120/80-160/95 BP
What does vasodilation do? decrease body temp., decrease BP
What does vasoconstriction do? increase body temp, increase BP
What is heat produced by? metabolism, skeletal muscle movements, non-shivering thermogenesis
DEF: sum of all physical and chemical processes and metabolism
changes that take place in body
DEF: breakdown of fats and carbs in muscle that skeletal muscle movement
produces heat and energy
DEF: metabolism of brown fat to produce heat, used by non-shivering thermogenesis
infants
How is heat exchanged between body and environment? radiation, convection, evaporation, conduction
, radiation radiation
DEF: loss of heat through electromagnetic waves emitting
from surfaces that are warmer than air
DEF: transfer of heat through currents of air or water convection
ex. warm bath increases temp; cool air lowers temp
DEF: when water is converted to vapor and lost from skin evaporation
(as sweat) or mucous membranes (breath)
DEF: when heat is transferred from warm to cool surface conduction
by direct contact
ex. cool surface lowers temp
What factors influences body temperature? developmental level, environment, gender, exercise, emotion and stress, circadian
rhythm
How does the developmental level affect pt's older pt's tend to be within 94°F-99.6°F
temperature?
How does gender affect pt's temperature? women's tend to be 1°F higher while on their period or pregnant
How does exercise affect pt's tempertature? can increase to 101°F-104°F
How does the circadian rhythm affect pt's temperature? fluctuates 1°F-2°F every 24hrs
What is fever (pyrexia)? when oral temp is greater than 100°F, rectal temp is greater than 101°F; increased
temperature
word for "with fever" febrile
word for "without fever" afebrile
What is a fever caused by? pyrogens and/or hypothalamus
DEF: phase 1 of a fever; body temp reaches increases but onset
not reached fever
DEF: phase 2 of a fever; body temp. reaches max (set course
point) and remains constant
DEF: phase 3 of a fever; temp. returns to normal crisis
DEF: body temp. alternates between normal and fever intermittent fever
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the vital signs we look at? temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain, oxygen saturation, smoking
status, emotional distress
When should you measure a pt's VS? admission to hospital; beginning of each shift; at visit to healthcare provider's
office/clinic; before, during, after surgery; when monitoring effects of meds, when
pt's condition changes
DEF: degree of heat maintained by body body temperature
What is thermoregulation? process of maintaining stable internal body temperature
What are average vital signs for newborns? 98.2°F axillary, 130(80-180) pulse, 30-60 resp, 80/40 BP
What are average vital signs for 1-3 yr olds? 99.9°F rectal , 110 (80-150) pulse, 20-40 resp, 98/64 BP
What are average vital signs for 6-8 yr olds? 98.6°F oral, 95 (75-115) pulse, 20-25 resp, 102/56 BP
What are average vital signs for 10 yr olds? 98.6°F oral, 90 (70-100) pulse, 17-22 resp, 110/58 BP
What are average vital signs for teens? 98.6°F oral, 80 (55-105) pulse, 15-20 resp, 110/70 BP
What are average vital signs for adults? 98°F oral, 80 (60-100) pulse, 12-20 resp, <120/80 BP
What are average vital signs for adults >70? 95°F oral, 80 (60-100) pulse, 12-20 resp, 120/80-160/95 BP
What does vasodilation do? decrease body temp., decrease BP
What does vasoconstriction do? increase body temp, increase BP
What is heat produced by? metabolism, skeletal muscle movements, non-shivering thermogenesis
DEF: sum of all physical and chemical processes and metabolism
changes that take place in body
DEF: breakdown of fats and carbs in muscle that skeletal muscle movement
produces heat and energy
DEF: metabolism of brown fat to produce heat, used by non-shivering thermogenesis
infants
How is heat exchanged between body and environment? radiation, convection, evaporation, conduction
, radiation radiation
DEF: loss of heat through electromagnetic waves emitting
from surfaces that are warmer than air
DEF: transfer of heat through currents of air or water convection
ex. warm bath increases temp; cool air lowers temp
DEF: when water is converted to vapor and lost from skin evaporation
(as sweat) or mucous membranes (breath)
DEF: when heat is transferred from warm to cool surface conduction
by direct contact
ex. cool surface lowers temp
What factors influences body temperature? developmental level, environment, gender, exercise, emotion and stress, circadian
rhythm
How does the developmental level affect pt's older pt's tend to be within 94°F-99.6°F
temperature?
How does gender affect pt's temperature? women's tend to be 1°F higher while on their period or pregnant
How does exercise affect pt's tempertature? can increase to 101°F-104°F
How does the circadian rhythm affect pt's temperature? fluctuates 1°F-2°F every 24hrs
What is fever (pyrexia)? when oral temp is greater than 100°F, rectal temp is greater than 101°F; increased
temperature
word for "with fever" febrile
word for "without fever" afebrile
What is a fever caused by? pyrogens and/or hypothalamus
DEF: phase 1 of a fever; body temp reaches increases but onset
not reached fever
DEF: phase 2 of a fever; body temp. reaches max (set course
point) and remains constant
DEF: phase 3 of a fever; temp. returns to normal crisis
DEF: body temp. alternates between normal and fever intermittent fever
