ARE 112 LATEST 2026 EVALUATION TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Management Sciences Approach - ✔✔the application of quantitative tools and
applied mathematics to management issues
✔✔Terms from the organizational diagram in the first set of notes: - ✔✔a. The Buy-Side
b. The Sell-Side
c. Structure
d. Systems
e. Tasks
f. People
g. External fit
h. Internal fit
✔✔Driving forces for transformational change: - ✔✔a. Globalization
b. Rapid change in technology
c. Changes on consumer demands
d. Changes in supply of raw materials
e. Shifts in asymmetric or symmetric information
f. Competition
✔✔Targets of the transformational changes - ✔✔a. Tasks
b. People
c. Culture
d. Technology
e. Structures
✔✔Incremental change - ✔✔A process in which small improvements or changes are
made to processes and approaches on an ongoing basis
✔✔Macro problems - ✔✔important
✔✔Micro problems - ✔✔urgent
✔✔Beliefs - ✔✔-beliefs we want to be true and may be true (shared with others)
-drive subsequent behavior
-more difficult to change
-value NOT EQUAL to beliefs
✔✔Value - ✔✔-descriptive thought about something that a person holds about
something that has some factual basis (personal)
--beliefs NOT EQUAL to value
-generally come from facts and observed experiences so they can be changed
, ✔✔Facts - ✔✔behaivor changed by facts
✔✔Norms - ✔✔-accepted behavior based on values, beliefs, and facts (primarily
values)
✔✔Domain Analysis or the Sociotechnical Systems Approach (STS) - ✔✔management
sciences approach
ability to see the organization as an interrelated group of subsystems and coordinate
their activities with some models such as a probability model of work being done in one
area and moving to the next area
✔✔Conflict Resolution - ✔✔a. Avoidance
b. Accommodation
c. Authoritative command
d. Compromise
e. Consensus or collaborative
problem solving
✔✔Types of conflicts - ✔✔a. Substantive
b. Emotional or relationship
c. Functional
d. Dysfunctional
✔✔Why change occurs: - ✔✔a. Dissatisfaction with the present situation
b. External pressures toward change
c. Momentum toward change
✔✔Power types - ✔✔1. Coercive power → the power to punish
2. Legitimate power → the power granted by some authority
3. Expert power → the power of have some specific skill or knowledge not found in
others
4. Referent power → the power from admiration or respect
5. Reward power → the power from being able to provide a reward to others
✔✔Change strategies - ✔✔a. Force-Coercion
b. Rational Persuasion
c. Shared Power
✔✔Business process reengineering (BPR) - ✔✔A radical redesign of a business
process that improves its efficiency and effectiveness, often by beginning with a "clean
sheet" (from scratch).
✔✔Supply chain - Physical and Conceptual Models - ✔✔Physical supply chain shows
more
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Management Sciences Approach - ✔✔the application of quantitative tools and
applied mathematics to management issues
✔✔Terms from the organizational diagram in the first set of notes: - ✔✔a. The Buy-Side
b. The Sell-Side
c. Structure
d. Systems
e. Tasks
f. People
g. External fit
h. Internal fit
✔✔Driving forces for transformational change: - ✔✔a. Globalization
b. Rapid change in technology
c. Changes on consumer demands
d. Changes in supply of raw materials
e. Shifts in asymmetric or symmetric information
f. Competition
✔✔Targets of the transformational changes - ✔✔a. Tasks
b. People
c. Culture
d. Technology
e. Structures
✔✔Incremental change - ✔✔A process in which small improvements or changes are
made to processes and approaches on an ongoing basis
✔✔Macro problems - ✔✔important
✔✔Micro problems - ✔✔urgent
✔✔Beliefs - ✔✔-beliefs we want to be true and may be true (shared with others)
-drive subsequent behavior
-more difficult to change
-value NOT EQUAL to beliefs
✔✔Value - ✔✔-descriptive thought about something that a person holds about
something that has some factual basis (personal)
--beliefs NOT EQUAL to value
-generally come from facts and observed experiences so they can be changed
, ✔✔Facts - ✔✔behaivor changed by facts
✔✔Norms - ✔✔-accepted behavior based on values, beliefs, and facts (primarily
values)
✔✔Domain Analysis or the Sociotechnical Systems Approach (STS) - ✔✔management
sciences approach
ability to see the organization as an interrelated group of subsystems and coordinate
their activities with some models such as a probability model of work being done in one
area and moving to the next area
✔✔Conflict Resolution - ✔✔a. Avoidance
b. Accommodation
c. Authoritative command
d. Compromise
e. Consensus or collaborative
problem solving
✔✔Types of conflicts - ✔✔a. Substantive
b. Emotional or relationship
c. Functional
d. Dysfunctional
✔✔Why change occurs: - ✔✔a. Dissatisfaction with the present situation
b. External pressures toward change
c. Momentum toward change
✔✔Power types - ✔✔1. Coercive power → the power to punish
2. Legitimate power → the power granted by some authority
3. Expert power → the power of have some specific skill or knowledge not found in
others
4. Referent power → the power from admiration or respect
5. Reward power → the power from being able to provide a reward to others
✔✔Change strategies - ✔✔a. Force-Coercion
b. Rational Persuasion
c. Shared Power
✔✔Business process reengineering (BPR) - ✔✔A radical redesign of a business
process that improves its efficiency and effectiveness, often by beginning with a "clean
sheet" (from scratch).
✔✔Supply chain - Physical and Conceptual Models - ✔✔Physical supply chain shows
more
